IELTS Writing task 2 topic Globalization thumbnail

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Các vấn đề thường gặp trong chủ đề Globalization Writing task 2

Trong IELTS Writing Task 2, topic Globalization thường xoay quanh việc các quốc gia ngày càng gắn kết về kinh tế, văn hóa, công nghệ và lao động. Tùy từng đề, thí sinh có thể được yêu cầu phân tích lợi ích, hạn chế hoặc tác động của toàn cầu hóa đến một lĩnh vực cụ thể.

Một số vấn đề thường gặp gồm:

  • Những lợi ích như mở rộng thương mại, tạo việc làm và tiếp cận công nghệ, đi kèm với bất bình đẳng và sự phụ thuộc giữa các nền kinh tế.
  • Ảnh hưởng của văn hóa quốc tế đến ngôn ngữ, lối sống và giá trị truyền thống, từ đó đặt ra câu hỏi liệu bản sắc dân tộc có bị mai một hay không.
  • Tác động của thương mại quốc tế, đầu tư nước ngoài và chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu đến Ảnh hưởng của việc chuyển hoạt động sản xuất sang các quốc gia có chi phí thấp, bao gồm cơ hội việc làm, cạnh tranh lao động và nguy cơ mất việc.
  • Vai trò của các tập đoàn đa quốc gia trong việc cung cấp vốn, công nghệ và việc làm, đồng thời gây sức ép lên doanh nghiệp trong nước.
  • Cách Internet và nền tảng số hỗ trợ giao tiếp, chia sẻ thông tin và hợp tác quốc tế, cùng những vấn đề như khoảng cách số và tin sai lệch.
  • Nguyên nhân người lao động có chuyên môn ra nước ngoài và tác động của xu hướng này đến cả quốc gia xuất cư lẫn quốc gia tiếp nhận.
  • Ảnh hưởng của sản xuất, vận chuyển và tiêu dùng toàn cầu đến môi trường, cũng như vai trò của hợp tác quốc tế trong việc giảm ô nhiễm.

Nếu bạn chưa biết cách phát triển ý cho chủ đề Globalization trong IELTS Writing Task 2, hãy tham khảo phần gợi ý dưới đây để xây dựng luận điểm rõ ràng, logic và thuyết phục hơn.

Các vấn đề thường gặp trong chủ đề Globalization Writing task 2

Ý tưởng triển khai chủ đề Globalization trong IELTS Writing task 2

The Benefits and Drawbacks of Globalization

Đề bài: Globalization is positive for economies, but its negative sides should not be ignored. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Positive Negative
  • Economic growth accelerated; international trade increases GDP; access to larger markets enables economies of scale.
  • Job creation is significant; multinational companies employ millions; export industries generate employment opportunities.
  • Foreign investment inflows; capital from developed nations funds infrastructure, technology transfer benefits developing countries.
  • Consumer benefits; lower prices through competition; wider product variety; access to goods unavailable domestically.
  • Technology and knowledge transfer; developing nations access advanced technologies, management practices, expertise accelerating development.
  • Poverty reduction; globalization lifted hundreds of millions out of extreme poverty; economic opportunities expanded.
  • Innovation stimulated; global competition drives efficiency, productivity improvements; research and development investments increase.
  • Economic specialization; countries focus on comparative advantages; resource allocation optimized globally.
  • Income inequality worsened; wealth concentrated among elites; gap between rich and poor widened within and between nations.
  • Job displacement and insecurity; manufacturing jobs lost to cheaper labor countries; workers face unemployment, wage suppression.
  • Environmental degradation accelerated; race to bottom regulations; pollution, resource depletion, carbon emissions increased.
  • Cultural homogenization; local traditions, languages, identities eroded; Western consumerism dominates globally.
  • Economic vulnerability; interconnected economies spread crises rapidly; financial contagion devastating; 2008 crisis exemplified.
  • Exploitation and labor abuse; sweatshops, child labor, unsafe conditions; workers in developing nations exploited.
  • Loss of sovereignty; international corporations and institutions constrain national policy autonomy; democratic accountability weakened.
  • Small business destruction; local enterprises cannot compete with multinationals; economic diversity reduced; monopolization increases.
  • Food security threats; dependence on global supply chains risky; disruptions cause shortages; agricultural diversity lost.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Globalization brings major economic benefits, but I agree that its social, environmental, and cultural costs must also be addressed.
  • Body 1: It promotes economic growth by increasing trade, attracting foreign investment, creating jobs, lowering prices, and encouraging innovation.
  • Body 2: However, it can widen inequality, cause job losses, damage the environment, weaken local cultures, exploit workers, and harm small businesses.
  • Conclusion: Although globalization supports economic development, governments must regulate it carefully to reduce its negative effects.

Globalization, Cultural Change and National Identity

Đề bài: Some people think that increasing business and cultural contact between countries is a positive development. Others, however, believe that it leads to the disappearance of national identity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Increasing Contact Is Positive Development Leads to Loss of National Identity
  • Cultural enrichment; exposure to diverse perspectives, arts, cuisines, traditions broadens understanding and appreciation.
  • Reduces prejudice and xenophobia; personal contact breaks stereotypes; mutual understanding promotes tolerance and peace.
  • Economic opportunities expanded; international business partnerships create jobs; trade benefits both nations.
  • Innovation through cross-pollination; combining ideas from different cultures sparks creativity; hybrid innovations emerge.
  • Language learning motivated; cultural contact encourages multilingualism; communication skills valuable globally.
  • Global citizenship developed; awareness of interconnected world; responsibility for shared challenges like climate change.
  • Educational benefits; student exchanges, international collaboration advance knowledge; research partnerships strengthen universities.
  • Tourism growth; cultural interest drives travel; economic benefits for destination countries; employment generated.
  • Cultural homogenization; Western consumerism dominates; unique traditions, languages, customs disappear globally. Traditional values eroded; local practices replaced by global commercial culture; intergenerational transmission broken.
  • Language extinction; dominant languages (English) replace minority languages; linguistic diversity lost permanently.
  • Identity crisis; younger generations disconnected from heritage; confusion about belonging and cultural roots.
  • Commercial exploitation; authentic traditions commodified for profit; sacred practices become tourist entertainment.
  • Loss of autonomy; international cultural standards imposed; nations lose distinctiveness becoming indistinguishable.
  • Media imperialism; Hollywood, Western media dominate; local film, music, literature industries struggle; cultural production controlled externally.
  • Generational conflict; youth adopt foreign values; traditional elders feel alienated; social cohesion damaged.
  • Heritage sites threatened; tourism pressure damages historical monuments; commercialization destroys authenticity.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Global contact promotes cultural diversity and understanding but may weaken national identity, so integration should be balanced with preservation.
  • Body 1: Greater international contact enriches cultures, reduces prejudice, creates economic and educational opportunities, encourages innovation, and strengthens global awareness.
  • Body 2: However, it can also cause cultural homogenization, weaken traditions and local languages, create identity conflicts, and threaten cultural heritage.
  • Conclusion: Countries should remain globally connected while protecting local cultures through education, support for traditional arts and languages, and responsible cultural exchange.

Globalization and Economic Development

Đề bài: Some people think that countries should produce most of the food consumed by their citizens and import as little as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Agree Disagree
  • Food security ensured; independence from volatile global markets; supply disruptions, embargoes, price spikes avoided
  • Self-sufficiency resilience; pandemics, conflicts, climate events disrupt trade; domestic production guarantees availability.
  • Environmental benefits; local food reduces transport emissions; seasonal eating sustainable; supports biodiversity.
  • Economic support for farmers; domestic agricultural sector employment protected; rural communities sustained; traditional farming preserved.
  • Quality control; domestic standards enforced; food safety regulations effective; traceability ensured; health protected.
  • Fresh and nutritious; shorter supply chains mean fresher produce; nutritional value retained; seasonal variety healthier.
  • National sovereignty; food independence strategic; reduces leverage foreign nations have; political autonomy maintained.
  • Cultural preservation; traditional crops, cuisines maintained; agricultural heritage protected; food culture sustained.
  • Comparative advantage ignored; some countries naturally suited for certain crops; efficient global production maximized.
  • Consumer choice limited; domestic production cannot provide variety; tropical fruits, exotic foods unavailable; diet monotonous.
  • Higher costs; producing everything domestically expensive; consumers pay more; lower living standards result.
  • Climate constraints; northern countries cannot grow certain crops year-round; seasonal limitations reduce availability.
  • Economic inefficiency; resources wasted producing unsuitable crops; opportunity costs high; better to specialize and trade.
  • Developing nations harmed; agricultural exports crucial for poor countries; protectionism denies income opportunities.
  • Technology and scale; specialized producers more efficient; economies of scale reduce waste; innovation concentrated.
  • Global interdependence benefits; trade relationships promote peace; economic ties discourage conflict; cooperation strengthened.
  • Impossible for small nations; limited land, population, resources make self-sufficiency unrealistic; trade essential.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Although food self-sufficiency can strengthen national food security, I only partly agree because relying entirely on domestic production is costly and impractical.
  • Body 1: Producing more food domestically can protect countries from supply disruptions, support local farmers, reduce transport emissions, and improve food quality and freshness.
  • Body 2: However, complete self-sufficiency may raise prices, reduce consumer choice, waste resources, and disadvantage countries that rely on agricultural exports.
  • Conclusion: Countries should produce essential foods at home while continuing to import seasonal and specialised products to balance security, affordability, and variety.

Globalization and the Labour Market

Đề bài: Many companies are moving jobs and production to countries where labour costs are lower. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Advantages Disadvantages
  • Consumer prices reduced; lower production costs translate to cheaper goods; purchasing power increased; living standards improved.
  • Corporate profitability increased; cost savings boost profits; shareholders benefit; companies competitive globally.
  • Economic development; developing nations receive investment, technology transfer, employment opportunities; industrialization accelerated.
  • Poverty reduction; jobs in developing countries lift workers from subsistence; income growth enables education, healthcare access.
  • Global efficiency; resources allocated optimally; production locates where most cost-effective; economic output maximized.
  • Skill development; workers in developing nations gain training, experience; human capital developed; future growth enabled.
  • Export opportunities; developing nations earn foreign currency; trade balances improve; economic independence strengthened.
  • Job losses devastating; manufacturing workers in developed nations lose livelihoods; unemployment, poverty, social problems increase.
  • Wage suppression; remaining workers face reduced bargaining power; salaries stagnate or decline; living standards threatened.
  • Community destruction; factory closures devastate local economies; tax base erodes; services decline; social cohesion collapses.
  • Labor exploitation; developing nation workers face unsafe conditions, poverty wages, long hours; human rights abused.
  • Environmental degradation; lax regulations enable pollution; race to bottom; developing nations ecosystems destroyed.
  • Economic vulnerability; dependence on foreign production risky; supply chain disruptions catastrophic; national security threatened.
  • Income inequality worsened; corporate executives, shareholders gain; workers lose; wealth gap widens dramatically.
  • Skill erosion; developed nations lose manufacturing expertise; future innovation capacity diminished; dependence problematic.
  • Political instability; displaced workers anger fuels populism, extremism; social trust declines; democratic institutions threatened.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Although offshoring can lower prices and support developing economies, its wider social and economic harms mean the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
  • Body 1: Offshoring reduces production costs, increases business competitiveness, creates jobs, attracts investment and supports economic growth in developing countries.
  • Body 2: However, it can cause unemployment, wage pressure and community decline in developed nations while also encouraging worker exploitation, environmental damage and greater economic inequality.
  • Conclusion: Overall, the disadvantages are more serious, so governments should enforce labour and environmental standards while providing retraining and financial support for affected workers.

Multinational Companies and Foreign Investment

Đề bài: The growth of multinational companies and the resulting rise of globalization create positive effects for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Positive Effects for Some Groups Negative Effects for Many Groups
  • Consumers benefit; lower prices from economies of scale; wider product variety; consistent quality standards globally.
  • Shareholders and investors profit; multinational growth generates returns; wealth accumulation for those owning stocks.
  • Some developing nation workers; employment opportunities created; wages higher than local alternatives; skills training provided.
  • Urban professionals; educated workforce finds opportunities; management, technical positions available; career mobility increased.
  • Host governments; tax revenue from foreign investment; infrastructure development; GDP growth statistics improved.
  • Entrepreneurs in supply chains; local businesses supplying multinationals benefit; stable contracts; technology access.
  • Highly skilled migrants; professionals can work internationally; brain circulation opportunities; higher salaries abroad.
  • Displaced workers in developed nations; manufacturing jobs lost permanently; unemployment, poverty, retraining challenges; communities devastated.
  • Small and medium local businesses; cannot compete with multinational pricing, marketing, resources; bankruptcies widespread; economic diversity destroyed.
  • Exploited workers in developing nations; sweatshops, unsafe conditions, poverty wages, union suppression; human rights abused systematically.
  • Rural communities; agricultural workers displaced by corporate farming; traditional livelihoods destroyed; migration to urban slums forced.
  • Indigenous populations; land seized for resource extraction; cultural sites destroyed; traditional economies undermined; forced displacement.
  • Environment and future generations; pollution, resource depletion, climate change; costs externalized; long-term damage for short-term profit.
  • Low-skilled workers globally; wages suppressed through competition; job security eliminated; precarious employment normalized.
  • Developing nation governments; tax avoidance schemes; profits repatriated; sovereignty constrained; policy autonomy limited.
  • Women workers; concentrated in lowest-paid positions; exploitation disproportionate; gender inequality reinforced.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Although multinational companies and globalization bring clear benefits, these gains are not shared equally, so I disagree that everyone benefits.
  • Body 1: Consumers, investors, skilled workers, some employees in developing countries, local suppliers, and host governments may benefit from lower prices, profits, jobs, training, contracts, tax revenue, and better infrastructure.
  • Body 2: However, displaced workers, small businesses, low-paid employees, rural and indigenous communities, and the environment may suffer from unemployment, unfair competition, exploitation, land loss, wage pressure, and pollution.
  • Conclusion: Overall, globalization does not benefit everyone because its advantages are concentrated among certain groups, while many others bear the social, economic, and environmental costs.

Technology and Global Connectivity

Đề bài: Many people around the world use social media every day to keep in touch with other people and obtain news. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Advantages Disadvantages
  • Instant global communication; maintain relationships across distances; families separated by geography stay connected; real-time updates.
  • Breaking news immediacy; events reported instantly; citizen journalism captures footage traditional media misses; awareness increased.
  • ost-free connection; no charges for messaging, video calls; accessible to poor populations; democratizes communication.
  • Community building; people with shared interests, rare conditions, marginalized identities find belonging; support networks formed.
  • Social movements organized; activism coordinated rapidly; protests, fundraising, awareness campaigns amplified; political change enabled.
  • Business opportunities; networking, marketing, customer engagement; entrepreneurs reach global markets; economic activity generated.
  • Information access; diverse news sources; perspectives unavailable in traditional media; censorship circumvented in authoritarian states.
  • Educational resources; learning communities, expert knowledge shared; skill development facilitated; knowledge democratized.
  • Misinformation epidemic; fake news spreads faster than truth; conspiracy theories radicalize; public discourse poisoned; democratic decisions undermined.
  • Mental health crisis; social comparison triggers anxiety, depression; addiction designed into platforms; sleep disruption; body image issues; cyberbullying.
  • Privacy erosion; personal data harvested, sold; surveillance capitalism; manipulation through targeted content; autonomy threatened.
  • Political polarization; echo chambers reinforce beliefs; algorithmic radicalization; civil discourse destroyed; societies fragmenting dangerously.
  • Attention economy harms; designed for addiction not wellbeing; dopamine manipulation; concentration destroyed; productivity reduced.
  • Shallow relationships; online connection replaces face-to-face depth; loneliness increases despite being “connected”; authentic intimacy lost.
  • Democratic threats; election interference; propaganda micro-targeting; public opinion manipulation; foreign influence operations.
  • Youth developmental harm; children overexposed to inappropriate content; normal development disrupted; social skills underdeveloped.
  • News quality degraded; clickbait replaces journalism; sensationalism rewarded; investigative reporting underfunded; truth devalued.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Social media improves communication and access to information, but its growing harm to mental health, privacy, and democracy means the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
  • Body 1: Its main benefits include instant communication, easier access to news and educational content, stronger online communities, and more opportunities for activism and business.
  • Body 2: However, misinformation, addiction, cyberbullying, privacy loss, political division, shallow relationships, and harm to young people are more serious and widespread.
  • Conclusion: Overall, the disadvantages outweigh the benefits, so stricter regulation is needed to reduce harmful content, data exploitation, and addictive platform design.

International Migration and Brain Drain

Đề bài: Some people believe that professionals, such as doctors and engineers, should be required to work in the country where they received their training. Others believe that they should be free to work in another country if they wish. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Professionals Should Work Where Trained Professionals Should Have Freedom to Migrate
  • Public investment justification; governments fund medical schools, engineering programs; taxpayers deserve return on investment; obligation exists.
  • Brain drain devastates; developing nations lose trained professionals after investing scarce resources; healthcare, infrastructure suffer critically.
  • Social responsibility; doctors, engineers serve communities that supported their education; moral duty to give back.
  • National development impeded; losing educated workforce prevents economic advancement; perpetuates poverty cycle.
  • Shortage crises; rural areas, poor neighborhoods lack professionals; forcing service ensures coverage; equity improved.
  • Training capacity wasted; expensive education produces workforce for rich nations; developing countries subsidize wealthy.
  • Fairness principle; if education publicly funded, recipient owes service; contractual obligation reasonable.
  • Practical necessity; some countries cannot function without retaining trained professionals; survival requirement.
  • Fundamental human right; freedom of movement enshrined in international law; restricting professionals unjust; individual autonomy paramount.
  • Modern slavery analogy; forcing people to work where they don't choose resembles bondage; personal liberty violated.
  • Career development; professionals seek better opportunities, advanced training, research facilities; growth requires mobility.
  • Economic incentive; higher salaries abroad reflect market value; professionals deserve fair compensation; poverty trap otherwise.
  • Family considerations; personal circumstances require relocation; family reunification, spousal employment, quality of life matter.
  • Professional networks; international collaboration advances knowledge; restricting movement hinders scientific progress; isolationist approach harmful.
  • Remittances benefit; migrants send money home; families, communities economically supported; net positive for origin countries.
  • Enforcement impossible; mandatory service creates resentment; quality suffers; black markets for exit permits; unworkable practically.
  • Global citizenship; talent belongs to humanity; artificial restrictions inefficient; brain circulation benefits all nations.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Some argue that trained professionals should serve the countries that educated them, while others support free migration; I favour freedom of movement, with brain drain addressed through incentives rather than restrictions.
  • Body 1: Mandatory service may protect public investment, reduce professional shortages and ensure skilled workers contribute to national development.
  • Body 2: Freedom of movement respects individual rights, supports career growth and allows professionals to seek better pay, working conditions and opportunities abroad.
  • Conclusion: Professionals should be free to migrate, while governments reduce brain drain by offering competitive salaries, better workplaces, research funding and stronger career prospects.

Globalization, Environmental Impact and International Cooperation

Đề bài: Environmental problems such as climate change and cross-border pollution cannot be solved by individual countries acting alone. International cooperation is the only effective solution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Ý tưởng phát triển bài Writing task 2:

Agree Disagree
  • Transboundary nature; pollution, emissions cross borders; one country's actions affect all; unilateral efforts insufficient by definition.
  • Free-rider problem; countries tempted to avoid costs while benefiting from others' efforts; collective action framework prevents this.
  • Global commons tragedy; atmosphere, oceans shared resources; without cooperation, overexploitation inevitable; binding agreements necessary.
  • Economic competitiveness concerns; industries relocate to countries with lax regulations unless standards harmonized internationally.
  • Scale requirement; climate change magnitude requires coordinated global emissions reductions; individual efforts insufficient mathematically.
  • Technology and resource sharing; developed nations must help developing nations afford green technology; international frameworks enable this.
  • Enforcement mechanisms; international agreements create accountability; sanctions, monitoring, verification necessary; national actions lack teeth.
  • Scientific consensus; IPCC, international bodies coordinate research; global problems require global scientific cooperation.
  • Historical responsibility; developed nations caused most emissions; justice requires international framework for burden-sharing.
  • Individual leadership inspires; pioneering nations demonstrate feasibility; others follow example; race to top rather than bottom.
  • Waiting for consensus wastes time; countries should act unilaterally immediately; collective action paralysis dangerous.
  • Subnational actors important; cities, states, provinces implement policies; international cooperation not only level of action.
  • Consumer and business action; individual choices, corporate responsibility significant; grassroots movements drive change.
  • Technology breakthrough; innovation in one country benefits all; doesn't require coordination; market forces drive adoption.
  • National self-interest; renewable energy independence, health benefits from clean air; countries benefit from unilateral action.
  • International cooperation difficult; sovereignty conflicts, enforcement challenges; shouldn't wait for perfect agreement before acting.
  • Complementary approaches; both national action AND international cooperation needed; not either/or; multilevel governance optimal.

Dàn bài gợi ý:

  • Introduction: Environmental problems cross national borders, so I strongly agree that international cooperation is the most effective solution.
  • Body 1: Global cooperation is essential because climate change, pollution, and resource depletion cannot be solved by individual countries acting alone.
  • Body 2: National governments, cities, businesses, and consumers can still make important contributions, but their efforts are most effective when supported by international agreements.
  • Conclusion: Although local and national action matters, coordinated global policies, shared responsibilities, and effective enforcement are necessary to address environmental problems successfully.

Xem thêm:

Từ vựng & collocation ăn điểm chủ đề Globalization

Từ vựng và collocation ăn điểm chủ đề Globalization trong Writing task 2

Từ vựng ghi điểm topic Globalization trong IELTS Writing task 2

Từ/cụm từ Từ loại Nghĩa
global integration noun phrase sự hội nhập toàn cầu
economic interdependence noun phrase sự phụ thuộc kinh tế lẫn nhau
cross-border trade noun phrase thương mại xuyên biên giới
trade liberalisation noun phrase quá trình tự do hóa thương mại
trade barriers noun phrase các rào cản thương mại
global supply chain noun phrase chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu
foreign direct investment noun phrase đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài
multinational corporation noun phrase tập đoàn đa quốc gia
domestic industries noun phrase các ngành sản xuất trong nước
technology transfer noun phrase sự chuyển giao công nghệ
economic growth noun phrase tăng trưởng kinh tế
living standards noun phrase mức sống
income inequality noun phrase bất bình đẳng thu nhập
job displacement noun phrase tình trạng người lao động mất việc do thay đổi cơ cấu việc làm
job insecurity noun phrase sự thiếu ổn định về việc làm
labour exploitation noun phrase sự bóc lột người lao động
cultural exchange noun phrase sự giao lưu văn hóa
cultural identity noun phrase bản sắc văn hóa
cultural homogenisation noun phrase sự đồng nhất hóa văn hóa
brain drain noun phrase tình trạng chảy máu chất xám
environmental degradation noun phrase sự suy thoái môi trường
national sovereignty noun phrase chủ quyền quốc gia
international cooperation noun phrase sự hợp tác quốc tế
regulatory framework noun phrase khuôn khổ pháp lý
sustainable development noun phrase phát triển bền vững
undermine verb làm suy yếu
exacerbate verb làm trầm trọng hơn
mitigate verb giảm nhẹ tác động tiêu cực

Collocation chủ đề Globalization nên học thuộc 

Collocation Ý nghĩa
facilitate cross-border trade tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho hoạt động thương mại xuyên biên giới
remove trade barriers xóa bỏ các rào cản thương mại
integrate into global supply chains tham gia vào chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu
attract foreign direct investment (FDI) thu hút vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI)
stimulate economic growth thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế
raise living standards nâng cao mức sống
facilitate technology transfer thúc đẩy chuyển giao công nghệ
expose local firms to global competition khiến các doanh nghiệp trong nước phải cạnh tranh với doanh nghiệp quốc tế
force small businesses out of the market khiến các doanh nghiệp nhỏ phải rời khỏi thị trường
widen income inequality làm gia tăng khoảng cách thu nhập
relocate production overseas chuyển hoạt động sản xuất ra nước ngoài
create job insecurity làm gia tăng tình trạng việc làm bấp bênh
exploit cheap labour khai thác nguồn lao động giá rẻ
strengthen labour protection tăng cường bảo vệ quyền lợi người lao động
promote cultural exchange thúc đẩy giao lưu văn hóa
lead to cultural homogenisation dẫn đến sự đồng nhất hóa văn hóa
erode national identity làm xói mòn bản sắc dân tộc
accelerate environmental degradation đẩy nhanh tình trạng suy thoái môi trường
strengthen international cooperation tăng cường hợp tác quốc tế
mitigate the adverse effects of globalization giảm thiểu những tác động tiêu cực của toàn cầu hóa

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