Bạn muốn làm tốt dạng bài tập câu điều kiện nhưng vẫn còn lúng túng với nhiều cấu trúc khác nhau? Muốn xử lý nhanh và chính xác, điều quan trọng là phải hiểu rõ bản chất và mối liên hệ logic của từng loại câu điều kiện, từ loại 0, 1, 2, 3 đến dạng hỗn hợp.
Bài viết này từ IELTS The Tutors tổng hợp ngắn gọn lý thuyết kèm theo hệ thống bài tập thực hành nhiều dạng bài như viết lại câu, chia động từ, trắc nghiệm… có đáp án và giải thích chi tiết. Đây sẽ là tài liệu hữu ích giúp bạn củng cố ngữ pháp, luyện tập hiệu quả và tự tin đạt điểm cao.
Tóm tắt lý thuyết câu điều kiện tiếng Anh
Câu điều kiện (conditional sentence) là loại câu dùng để diễn tả một sự việc chỉ xảy ra khi có một điều kiện nào đó được thỏa mãn. Về mặt cấu trúc ngữ pháp, câu điều kiện bao gồm 2 mệnh đề:
- Mệnh đề điều kiện (If-clause): Nêu lên giả thiết hoặc điều kiện cần có.
- Mệnh đề chính (Main clause): Chỉ ra kết quả hoặc hệ quả tương ứng nếu điều kiện đó xảy ra.
Câu điều kiện thường được chia thành 5 dạng cơ bản: loại 0, 1, 2, 3 và dạng hỗn hợp. Mỗi dạng dùng trong một ngữ cảnh và thời điểm khác nhau. Hãy cùng đi sâu vào phân tích chi tiết cấu trúc, cách dùng và những lưu ý quan trọng ngay dưới đây.
Câu điều kiện loại 0
Câu điều kiện loại 0 (Zero Conditional) được dùng để diễn tả những sự thật luôn đúng như quy luật tự nhiên, chân lý hiển nhiên hoặc thói quen hằng ngày.
- Công thức: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (hiện tại đơn)
- Đảo ngữ: Should + S + (not) + be + Adj/N, S + V
Ví dụ:
- If the weather is cold, I stay at home. (Nếu thời tiết lạnh, tôi sẽ ở nhà.)
- If I wake up late, I miss my bus. (Nếu tôi thức dậy muộn, tôi sẽ lỡ chuyến xe buýt.)
- Should the food not be fresh, it causes stomachache. (Nếu thực phẩm không tươi, nó gây ra đau bụng.)
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để nói về những tình huống có khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai, khi điều kiện đi kèm được đáp ứng.
- Công thức: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V
- Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, S + will/can/shall + V
Ví dụ:
- If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach. (Nếu ngày mai trời nắng, chúng ta sẽ đi biển.)
- If you don't hurry, you will be late for the meeting. (Nếu bạn không nhanh lên, bạn sẽ bị muộn họp.)
- Should it rain tomorrow, the outdoor concert will be cancelled. (Nếu ngày mai trời mưa, buổi hòa nhạc ngoài trời sẽ bị hủy.)
Câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để diễn tả những giả định không có thật ở hiện tại, tức là những tình huống trái ngược với thực tế đang diễn ra.
- Công thức: If + S + V2/ed, S + would + V
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + to V, S + would/could/might + V
Lưu ý: Động từ to be chỉ dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ:
- If I were you, I would take that job offer. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nhận lời mời làm việc đó.)
- If he had more free time, he would learn how to play the guitar. (Nếu anh ấy có nhiều thời gian rảnh hơn, anh ấy sẽ học chơi đàn guitar.)
- Were she to live closer to the office, she would walk to work. (Nếu cô ấy sống gần văn phòng hơn, cô ấy sẽ đi bộ đi làm.)
Câu điều kiện loại 3
Câu điều kiện loại 3 được dùng để nói về một sự việc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo theo một kết quả cũng không thể xảy ra theo.
- Công thức: If + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3
- Đảo ngữ: Had + S + V3/ed, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
- If she had invited me, I would have come to her party. (Nếu cô ấy mời tôi, tôi đã đến dự bữa tiệc của cô ấy.)
- If it hadn't rained yesterday, we could have gone hiking. (Nếu hôm qua trời không mưa, chúng ta đã có thể đi leo núi.)
- Had the driver not been sleepy, the accident couldn't have happened. (Nếu tài xế không buồn ngủ, vụ tai nạn đã không thể xảy ra.)
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp được dùng phổ biến nhất là để diễn tả một giả định trái ngược với quá khứ dẫn đến một kết quả trái ngược với hiện tại.
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 3 & 2
Diễn tả một kết quả ở hiện tại bắt nguồn từ một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ, tức là nếu quá khứ đã khác đi, thì hiện tại cũng sẽ khác.
- Cấu trúc: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would + V-inf
- Đảo ngữ: Had + S + V3/ed, S + would + V-inf
Ví dụ:
- If I had taken that map, I would know where we are now. (Nếu tôi đã mang theo bản đồ đó, bây giờ tôi đã biết chúng ta đang ở đâu rồi.)
- If she hadn't missed the bus, she would be here by now. (Nếu cô ấy đã không lỡ chuyến xe buýt, giờ này cô ấy đã có mặt ở đây.)
- Had he invested in that company years ago, he would be a millionaire today. (Nếu anh ấy đã đầu tư vào công ty đó nhiều năm trước, hôm nay anh ấy đã là một triệu phú.)
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 & 3
Dùng để diễn tả một kết quả đáng lẽ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, nếu như điều kiện ở hiện tại là có thật.
- Cấu trúc: If + S + V2/ed, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + to V/Adj, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
- If I were rich, I would have bought that car yesterday. (Nếu tôi mà giàu (bản chất), tôi đã mua chiếc xe đó vào hôm qua rồi.)
- Were I not to have so much work today, I would have joined the party last night. (Nếu hôm nay tôi không có quá nhiều việc, tôi đã tham gia bữa tiệc tối qua rồi.)
Lưu ý: “Were I not” dùng để giả định một tình trạng kéo dài ở hiện tại.
Tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện cơ bản
Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 0
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. If you ________ (freeze) water, it ________ (turn) into ice.
2. If you ________ (heat) ice, it ________ (melt).
3. If people ________ (not drink) enough water, they ________ (feel) tired.
4. If plants ________ (not get) sunlight, they ________ (die).
5. If you ________ (mix) yellow and blue, you ________ (get) green.
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. If you ________ (touch / touches / touched) fire, you ________ (get / gets / will get) burned.
2. Water ________ (boil / boils / will boil) if it ________ (reach / reaches / reached) 100°C.
3. If people ________ (eat / eats / ate) too much sugar, they ________ (become / becomes / will become) unhealthy.
4. If you ________ (don’t wear / doesn’t wear / didn’t wear) a helmet, you ________ (get / gets / will get) fined.
5. If ice ________ (is heated / heats / heated), it ________ (melts / melt / will melt).
Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu với “If”
1. People feel tired because they don’t sleep enough.
→ If ……………………………………………………………
2. Plants die because they don’t get water.
→ If ……………………………………………………………
3. Children become overweight because they don’t exercise.
→ If ……………………………………………………………
4. You get sick because you eat too much fast food.
→ If ……………………………………………………………
5. Metal expands because it gets hot.
→ If ……………………………………………………………
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành các câu sau
1. If you don’t brush your teeth regularly, ____________________________.
2. If people drink too much coffee, ____________________________.
3. If you don’t water plants, ____________________________.
4. If the temperature drops below 0°C, ____________________________.
5. If you study regularly, ____________________________.
Bài tập 5: Chuyển các câu sau thành câu hỏi
1. If you heat water, it boils.
→ What happens if __________________________________?
2. If people don’t eat, they feel weak.
→ What happens if __________________________________?
3. If you press this button, the machine starts.
→ What happens if __________________________________?
4. If it rains heavily, the streets flood.
→ What happens if __________________________________?
5. If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired.
→ What happens if __________________________________?
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1:
1. freeze – turns
2. heat – melts
3. don’t drink – feel
4. don’t get – die
5. mix – get
Bài tập 2:
1. touch – get
2. boils – reaches
3. eat – become
4. don’t wear – get
5. is heated – melts
Bài tập 3:
1. If people don’t sleep enough, they feel tired.
2. If plants don’t get water, they die.
3. If children don’t exercise, they become overweight.
4. If you eat too much fast food, you get sick.
5. If metal gets hot, it expands.
Bài tập 4:
1. you get tooth decay / you have dental problems.
2. they can’t sleep well / they feel restless.
3. they die.
4. water freezes.
5. you get good results.
Bài tập 5:
1. What happens if you heat water?
2. What happens if people don’t eat?
3. What happens if you press this button?
4. What happens if it rains heavily?
5. What happens if you don’t sleep enough?
Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu bằng dạng đảo ngữ
1. If they arrive on time, they can catch the train.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
2. If she has enough money, she will buy a new car.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. If it rains tomorrow, the football match will be postponed.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. If you don't find the documents, please inform the manager.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
5. If he asks you about the project, will you tell him the truth?
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
Bài tập 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. If he (not have) ___________ a headache, he (attend) ___________ the meeting this afternoon.
2. If it (be) ___________ sunny tomorrow, we (go) ___________ camping.
3. If she (study) ___________ hard, she (pass) ___________ the final exam easily.
4. (you / help) ___________ me if I (need) ___________ your assistance later?
5. They (not explore) ___________ new places if they (not have) ___________ a tour guide.
Bài tập 3: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng “Unless”, “Without” hoặc “Otherwise”
1. If she doesn't take her medicine, her condition will worsen.
→ She must take her medicine; otherwise, ………………………………………………..
2. If he doesn't receive the payment, he will take legal action.
→ Without ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. If you don't wear a coat, you will get cold.
→ Unless ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If she doesn't finish the report, she won't go home early.
→ Otherwise, …………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. If you don't call him now, he will leave without you.
→ Unless ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thiện câu dựa vào tình huống cho trước
1. They are going to the beach, so they will have a great time.
→ If they go to the beach, ………………………………………………………………….
2. He is studying hard, so he will pass the exam.
→ If he …………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I have some free time this weekend, so I will visit my grandparents.
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The weather is not bad, so the flight will take off.
→ If the weather ……………………………………………………………………………….
5. She wants to improve her English, so she will join an IELTS class.
→ If she …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Bài tập 5: Viết câu hỏi cho tình huống giả định (Dạng nghi vấn)
1. You might win the lottery. (What / you / do?)
→ If you win the lottery, ……………………………………………………………………..?
2. Maybe he will invite you to the party. (you / accept?)
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
3. It's possible that the shop is closed. (Where / we / go?)
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
4. Perhaps she doesn't like the gift. (you / change / it?)
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
5. The traffic might be heavy. (we / be / late / for the meeting?)
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1:
1. Should they arrive on time, they can catch the train.
2. Should she have enough money, she will buy a new car.
3. Should it rain tomorrow, the football match will be postponed.
4. Should you not find the documents, please inform the manager.
5. Should he ask you about the project, will you tell him the truth?
Bài tập 2:
1. does not have – will attend
2. is – will go
3. studies – will pass
4. Will you help – need
5. will not explore – do not have
Bài tập 3:
1. She must take her medicine; otherwise, her condition will worsen.
2. Without receiving the payment, he will take legal action.
3. Unless you wear a coat, you will get cold.
4. She must finish the report; otherwise, she won’t go home early.
5. Unless you call him now, he will leave without you.
Bài tập 4:
1. If they go to the beach, they will have a great time.
2. If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.
3. If I have some free time this weekend, I will visit my grandparents.
4. If the weather is not bad, the flight will take off.
5. If she wants to improve her English, she will join an IELTS class.
Bài tập 5:
1. If you win the lottery, what will you do?
2. If he invites you to the party, will you accept?
3. If the shop is closed, where will we go?
4. If she doesn’t like the gift, will you change it?
5. If the traffic is heavy, will we be late for the meeting?
Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 2
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu dựa trên tình huống thực tế
1. His father often punishes him because he is lazy.
→ If he …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. I can’t come because I have to help my dad with something.
→ If I ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
→ If Leon …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. You’re unhealthy because you don’t do exercise.
→ If you …………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. If I _________ the competition, I _________ on a world cruise.
A. win/ will go
B. won/ would go
C. won/ would have gone
2. What would happen if you _________ to work tomorrow?
A. had gone
B. didn’t go
C. won’t go
3. If I _________ you, I wouldn’t spend the reward on things I don’t need.
A. am
B. were
C. was
4. If I were offered the job, I think I _________ it.
A. would take
B. take
C. would have taken
5. If she _________ more time, she _________ to the gym every day.
A. has/ will go
B. had/ would have gone
C. had/ would go
Bài tập 3: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. I (call) ___________ the office if I (be) ___________ you.
2. Lisa (find) ___________ the milk if she (look) ___________ in the fridge.
3. If you (speak) ___________ louder, your classmates (understand) ___________ you.
4. If I (have) ___________ enough money, I (buy) ___________ that luxury apartment.
5. (you / be) ___________ happy if you (not have) ___________ to work on weekends?
Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ
1. If I were a famous singer, I would travel around the world.
→ Were …………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. If she studied harder, she would achieve better results.
→ Were …………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. If he had a map, he wouldn't get lost in this city.
→ Were …………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If I were you, I would tell her the truth.
→ Were …………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. If they lived closer, they would visit us more often.
→ Were …………………………………………………………………………………………..
Bài tập 5: Chuyển đổi từ câu mệnh lệnh/nguyên nhân sang câu điều kiện
1. Stop talking or you will wake the children up.
→ If you didn't stop talking, …………………………………………………………………
2. Hurry up or you will be late for school.
→ If you didn't hurry up, ……………………………………………………………………..
3. He is so busy, so he can't join our party.
→ If he …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. She doesn't have a phone, so she can't call you.
→ If she …………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The weather is so hot, that's why we don't go out.
→ If the weather ……………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1:
1. If he weren’t lazy, his father wouldn’t punish him.
2. If I didn’t have to help my dad with something, I could come.
3. If Leon didn’t drive carelessly, he wouldn’t cause accidents.
4. If you did exercise, you would be healthy.
5. If I knew English, I could apply for that job.
Bài tập 2:
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C
Bài tập 3:
1. would call – were
2. would find – looked
3. spoke – would understand
4. had – would buy
5. Would you be – didn’t have
Bài tập 4:
1. Were I a famous singer, I would travel around the world.
2. Were she to study harder, she would achieve better results.
3. Were he to have a map, he wouldn’t get lost in this city.
4. Were I you, I would tell her the truth.
5. Were they to live closer, they would visit us more often.
Bài tập 5:
1. If you didn’t stop talking, you would wake the children up.
2. If you didn’t hurry up, you would be late for school.
3. If he weren’t so busy, he could join our party.
4. If she had a phone, she could call you.
5. If the weather weren’t so hot, we would go out.
Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc (Dạng khẳng định & Phủ định)
1. If I (lay) ___________ down on the sofa, I (fall) ___________ asleep.
2. Banny (work) ___________ as a model if she (be) ___________ taller in the past.
3. We (not/take) ___________ the wrong tram if Dzung (ask) ___________ the policewoman.
4. The students (solve) ___________ the problem if they (use) ___________ their textbooks.
5. If she (buy) ___________ a new hard disk, she (not/lose) ___________ all her data.
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu từ các từ gợi ý
1. If I _________ that you were in hospital, I _________ you.
A. knew/ would visit
B. had known/ would visit
C. had known/ would have visited
2. If you _________ ten minutes earlier, you _________ a seat.
A. arrived/ would get
B. had arrived/ would have got
C. arrive/ will get
3. If the zookeeper _________ her, he _________ her with a fine.
A. had caught/ would have punished
B. caught/ would punish
C. catches/ will punish
4. _________ for this treatment, the patient would have died.
A. If it were not
B. Had it not been
C. If it is not
5. If they _________ more carefully, they _________ the woodpecker.
A. listened/ might hear
B. listen/ will hear
C. had listened/ might have heard
Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu dựa trên tình huống quá khứ
1. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If we …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
→ If Susan …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He lost his job because he was late every day.
→ If he ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→ If Robert ………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. I didn't see him, so I didn't give him a gift.
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Bài tập 4: Chuyển đổi sang dạng đảo ngữ
1. If she had taken her medicine, she would have felt better.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If you had told me about the meeting, I would have attended.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If they had practiced more, they wouldn't have lost the game.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If the weather had been nice, we would have gone hiking.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành câu hỏi giả định
1. (What / you / do) if you (miss) the flight yesterday?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
2. (She / pass) the exam if she (study) harder last month?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
3. (they / find) the house if they (not / have) a GPS?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
4. (Where / you / go) if you (have) a holiday last summer?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
5. (he / help) us if we (ask) him for assistance?
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1:
1. had lain – would have fallen
2. would have worked – had been
3. would not have taken – had asked
4. would have solved – had used
5. had bought – would not have lost
Bài tập 2:
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
Bài tập 3:
1. If we had had a map, we wouldn’t have got lost.
2. If Susan hadn’t eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn’t have felt sick.
3. If he hadn’t been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
4. If Robert hadn’t started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn’t have got a bad cough.
5. If I had seen him, I would have given him a gift.
Bài tập 4:
1. Had she taken her medicine, she would have felt better.
2. Had you told me about the meeting, I would have attended.
3. Had they practiced more, they wouldn’t have lost the game.
4. Had the weather been nice, we would have gone hiking.
5. Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry.
Bài tập 5:
1. What would you have done if you had missed the flight yesterday?
2. Would she have passed the exam if she had studied harder last month?
3. Would they have found the house if they hadn’t had a GPS?
4. Where would you have gone if you had had a holiday last summer?
5. Would he have helped us if we had asked him for assistance?
Bài tập câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. If she __________ the lottery last year, she __________ rich now.
A. won / would be
B. had won / would be
C. had won / would have been
2. If I __________ the homework last night, I __________ a bonus today.
A. had done / would get
B. did / would get
C. had done / would have got
3. If it __________ last night, it __________ cold today.
A. had rained / would be
B. rained / would be
C. had rained / would have been
4. If Nina __________ out last week, she __________ alive now.
A. didn't go / would be
B. had not gone / would be
C. had not gone / would have been
5. If he __________ more exercise last month, he __________ so tired right now.
A. did / wouldn't be
B. had done / wouldn't have been
C. had done / wouldn't be
Bài tập 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. If we (play) __________ this game yesterday, we (have) __________ a lot of money now.
2. If she (listen) __________ to my advice last week, she (not be) __________ in trouble right now.
3. If it (rain) __________ one hour ago, the streets (be) __________ wet now.
4. I (not be) __________ hungry now if I (eat) __________ breakfast this morning.
5. If they (go) __________ to school yesterday, they (be) __________ at the museum with us now.
Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu dựa trên tình huống thực tế
1. He didn’t study his lessons carefully last night, so he gets bad grades now.
→ If he …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. I spent all my money yesterday, that's why I am broke today.
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. She didn't take the map, so she is lost now.
→ If she …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. We didn't book the tickets in advance, so we aren't on the flight right now.
→ If we ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Because I didn't help him yesterday, he is angry with me today.
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Bài tập 4: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
1. If I had won the competition last month, I would be famous now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If they had invested in that company, they would be rich today.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If you had finished your work last night, you would be free now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If she hadn't missed the train, she would be here by now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If we had bought the house ten years ago, its value would be much higher now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Bài tập 5: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau
1. If Peter had been (A) more careful (B), he wouldn’t break (C) the camera I lent (D) him.
2. If I didn't spend (A) so much money yesterday (B), I would have (C) plenty of money now (D).
3. Had (A) I known (B) the truth then, I wouldn't be (C) so unhappy yesterday (D).
4. If she is (A) a hard-working student, she would have passed (B) the exam last week (C) easily (D).
5. If they had gone (A) to the beach yesterday (B), they will be (C) very sunburnt (D) now.
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1:
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
Bài tập 2:
1. had played – would have
2. had listened – would not be
3. had rained – would be
4. would not be – had eaten
5. had gone – would be
Bài tập 3:
1. If he had studied his lessons carefully last night, he wouldn’t get bad grades now.
2. If I hadn’t spent all my money yesterday, I wouldn’t be broke today.
3. If she had taken the map, she wouldn’t be lost now.
4. If we had booked the tickets in advance, we would be on the flight now.
5. If I had helped him yesterday, he wouldn’t be angry with me today.
Bài tập 4:
1. Had I won the competition last month, I would be famous now.
2. Had they invested in that company, they would be rich today.
3. Had you finished your work last night, you would be free now.
4. Had she not missed the train, she would be here by now.
5. Had we bought the house ten years ago, its value would be much higher now.
Bài tập 5:
1. C → have broken
2. A → hadn’t spent
3. D → now
4. A → were
5. C → would be
Tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện nâng cao
Bài tập trắc nghiệm nhận diện dạng câu điều kiện đúng
Đề bài: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất (A, B, D hoặc D)
Câu 1: If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it ________.
A. boil
B. boiled
C. boils
D. would boil
Câu 2: If it ________ sunny tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
A. will be
B. is
C. were
D. had been
Câu 3: If I ________ you, I would take that offer immediately.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. had been
Câu 4: ________ you see him, tell him to call me.
A. If
B. Should
C. Were
D. Had
Câu 5: If we ________ a map last night, we wouldn't have got lost.
A. have
B. had
C. had had
D. would have
Câu 6: What ________ if you won the lottery tomorrow?
A. will you do
B. would you do
C. did you do
D. would you have done
Câu 7: ________ water be reach 0 degrees Celsius, it turns into ice.
A. If
B. Were
C. Had
D. Should
Câu 8: If she had studied harder last year, she ________ a student at this university now.
A. will be
B. would have been
C. would be
D. is
Câu 9: ________ he not so busy now, he would have joined our party yesterday.
A. Had
B. Were
C. Should
D. If
Câu 10: ________ I known about your problem, I would have helped you.
A. Should
B. Were
C. Had
D. If
Câu 11: If the sun ________, we will go to the beach.
A. shone
B. shined
C. shines
D. had shone
Câu 12: Were I ________ your position, I would never speak to him again.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. of
Câu 13: If you ________ blue and red, you get purple.
A. mixed
B. mix
C. will mix
D. had mixed
Câu 14: Had the weather ________ better last weekend, we could have gone hiking.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. been
Câu 15: ________ she to lose her job, she would be in great trouble.
A. Should
B. Were
C. Had
D. If
Câu 16: If they ________ the house yesterday, they would be here by now.
A. left
B. leave
C. had left
D. would leave
Câu 17: ________ anyone call, please tell them I'm in a meeting.
A. If
B. Were
C. Had
D. Should
Câu 18: If I ________ the homework last night, I ________ bonus today.
A. did / would have got
B. had done / would get
C. had done / would have got
D. do / will get
Câu 19: Were he ________ more carefully, he wouldn't cause so many accidents.
A. drive
B. to drive
C. driving
D. driven
Câu 20: ________ I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.
A. Should
B. Were
C. Had
D. Unless
Đáp án
Câu 1: C. boils → Sự thật hiển nhiên (dùng câu điều kiện loại 0 ).
Câu 2: B. is → Điều kiện loại 1 nên mệnh đề If dùng hiện tại đơn.
Câu 3: C. were → Giả định không có thật “If I were you”.
Câu 4: A. If → Câu mệnh lệnh điều kiện thông thường.
Câu 5: C. had had → Điều kiện loại 3 (quá khứ hoàn thành).
Câu 6: B. would you do → Giả định tương lai (điều kiện loại 2).
Câu 7: A. If → Điều kiện loại 0 (sự thật hiển nhiên).
Câu 8: C. would be → Hỗn hợp (quá khứ → hiện tại).
Câu 9: B. Were → Đảo ngữ loại 2 & 3 (Were + S + adj).
Câu 10: C. Had → Đảo ngữ loại 3 & 2 (Had + S + V3).
Câu 11: C. shines → Điều kiện loại 1 (hiện tại đơn).
Câu 12: B. in → Cụm cố định: “in your position”.
Câu 13: B. mix → Điều kiện loại 0 (hiện tại đơn).
Câu 14: D. been → “Had + been” trong đảo ngữ loại 3.
Câu 15: A. Should → Đảo ngữ loại 1 (Should + S + V).
Câu 16: C. had left → Hỗn hợp (quá khứ → hiện tại).
Câu 17: D. Should → Đảo ngữ loại 1.
Câu 18: B. had done / would get → Hỗn hợp.
Câu 19: C. driving → “Were + S + V-ing” (giả định đang xảy ra).
Câu 20: C. Had → Đảo ngữ loại 3.
Bài tập chia động từ trong ngoặc theo câu điều kiện
Đề bài: Chia động từ đúng theo từ gợi ý trong ngoặc
Câu 1: If you (freeze) __________ water, it becomes a solid.
Câu 2: If the weather (be) __________ fine tomorrow, we will hang out.
Câu 3: If I (be) __________ you, I (not / invite) __________ him to the party.
Câu 4: They (solve) __________ the problem if they (have) __________ their textbooks last week.
Câu 5: Should you (see) __________ Mary, please (tell) __________ her to call me.
Câu 6: Were I (be) __________ a millionaire, I (build) __________ more schools for poor children.
Câu 7: Had he (not / spill) __________ the milk, the floor (not / be) __________ dirty now.
Câu 8: If she (study) __________ harder last year, she (be) __________ a university student now.
Câu 9: Were they (live) __________ closer to the office, they (not / be) __________ late for work so often.
Câu 10: (you / help) __________ me if I (get) __________ into trouble?
Câu 11: If the sun (not / shine) __________, plants (cannot / grow) __________.
Câu 12: Had I (know) __________ you were in hospital, I (visit) __________ you.
Câu 13: If he (be) __________ taller, he (could / join) __________ the basketball team last year.
Câu 14: (not / buy) __________ that car unless you (be) __________ sure about its quality.
Câu 15: Should the machine (stop) __________ working, (press) __________ this red button.
Câu 16: If I (not / spend) __________ all my money yesterday, I (have) __________ enough to buy this shirt now.
Câu 17: Were he (not / be) __________ so arrogant, he (have) __________ more friends.
Câu 18: (What / happen) __________ if the Earth (stop) __________ rotating?
Câu 19: Had they (follow) __________ the instructions, the experiment (not / fail) __________ yesterday.
Câu 20: If you (mix) __________ red and white, you (get) __________ pink.
Đáp án
Câu 1: freeze → Điều kiện loại 0 (sự thật hiển nhiên) dùng hiện tại đơn.
Câu 2: is → Điều kiện loại 1 ⇒ mệnh đề If dùng hiện tại đơn.
Câu 3: were / would not invite → Loại 2 “If I were you” + would.
Câu 4: would have solved / had had → Loại 3 dùng quá khứ hoàn thành + would have V3.
Câu 5: see / tell → Đảo ngữ loại 1 dùng “Should + S + V” + mệnh lệnh.
Câu 6: were / would build → Loại 2 đảo ngữ dùng “Were I…” + would.
Câu 7: not spilled / would not be → Hỗn hợp (quá khứ → hiện tại).
Câu 8: had studied / would be → Hỗn hợp (quá khứ → hiện tại).
Câu 9: living / would not be → “Were + S + V-ing” (giả định hiện tại).
Câu 10: Will you help / get → Loại 1 với mệnh đề chính dùng “will”.
Câu 11: does not shine / cannot grow → Loại 0 dùng hiện tại đơn.
Câu 12: known / would have visited → Đảo ngữ loại 3 dùng Had + V3.
Câu 13: were / could have joined → Hỗn hợp loại 2 & 3.
Câu 14: Don’t buy / are → Mệnh lệnh + điều kiện loại 1.
Câu 15: stop / press → Đảo ngữ loại 1 + câu mệnh lệnh.
Câu 16: hadn't spent / would have → Hỗn hợp loại 3 & 2.
Câu 17: not be / would have → Đảo ngữ loại 2.
Câu 18: What happens / stops → Loại 0 (sự thật khoa học).
Câu 19: followed / would not have failed → Đảo ngữ loại 3.
Câu 20: mix / get → Loại 0 dùng hiện tại đơn.
Bài tập chuyển đổi câu điều kiện sang phủ định và nghi vấn
Để bài: Chuyển các câu khẳng định dưới đây sang dạng phủ định hoặc nghi vấn theo hướng dẫn trong ngoặc.
Câu 1: If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 2: If it rains tomorrow, the match will be cancelled. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 3: If I were you, I would take that job. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 4: Should you need any help, tell me. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 5: If he had studied harder, he would have passed. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 6: Had she known the truth, she would have been angry. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 7: Were I a millionaire, I would buy a yacht. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 8: If I had eaten breakfast, I would feel better now. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 9: Were he to move to London, he would find a better job. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 10: Should the alarm ring, everyone must leave the building. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 11: If you don't wear a coat, you will get cold. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 12: If you mix red and white, you get pink. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 13: Had they practiced more, they would have won the game. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 14: If she were taller, she could have joined the team last year. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 15: Were it not so hot today, we would go for a walk. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 16: If I hadn't lost my keys, I would be inside the house now. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 17: Should he arrive late, the meeting will start without him. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 18: If he worked more slowly, he would make fewer mistakes. (Chuyển sang Nghi vấn)
Câu 19: Had I spent less money yesterday, I would be rich now. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Câu 20: Were they to invite us, we would accept immediately. (Chuyển sang Phủ định)
Đáp án
Câu 1: If you don’t freeze water, it doesn’t become a solid.
Câu 2: Will the match be cancelled if it rains tomorrow?
Câu 3: If I were you, I would not take that job.
Câu 4: Should you not need any help, don’t tell me.
Câu 5: Would he have passed if he had studied harder?
Câu 6: Had she not known the truth, she would not have been angry.
Câu 7: Were I a millionaire, would I buy a yacht?
Câu 8: If I had not eaten breakfast, I would not feel better now.
Câu 9: Were he to move to London, would he find a better job?
Câu 10: Should the alarm ring, must everyone leave the building?
Câu 11: Will you get cold if you don’t wear a coat?
Câu 12: What happens if you mix red and white?
Câu 13: Had they practiced more, would they have won the game?
Câu 14: If she were not taller, she could not have joined the team last year.
Câu 15: Were it not so hot today, would we go for a walk?
Câu 16: If I hadn’t lost my keys, would I be inside the house now?
Câu 17: Should he arrive late, the meeting will not start without him.
Câu 18: Would he make fewer mistakes if he worked more slowly?
Câu 19: Had I not spent less money yesterday, I would not be rich now.
Câu 20: Were they not to invite us, we would not accept immediately.
Bài tập viết lại câu với cấu trúc đảo ngữ
Đề bài: Viết lại các câu sau đây bắt đầu bằng từ gợi ý sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
Câu 1: If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay indoors.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 2: If I were you, I would take a rest before the exam.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 3: If she had known about the meeting, she would have come.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 4: If he studies harder, he will pass the IELTS test with a high score.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 5: If the food is not fresh, it causes stomachache.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 6: If I were a billionaire, I would travel around the world.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 7: If they had practiced more, they wouldn't have lost the game.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 8: If she moved to London, she would find a better job.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 9: If he hadn't spent all his money yesterday, he would have enough now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 10: If I were not so busy now, I would have joined you yesterday.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 11: If you don't find the documents, please inform the manager.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 12: If she were taller, she could have joined the basketball team last year.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 13: If he had followed the instructions, the experiment wouldn't have failed.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 14: If they lived closer to the office, they wouldn't be late so often.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 15: If I hadn't lost my keys, I would be inside the house now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 16: If she were to lose her job, she would be in great trouble.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 17: If he worked more slowly, he wouldn't make so many mistakes.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 18: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 19: If anyone calls, tell them I will be back soon.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 20: If the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius, water boils.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Đáp án
Câu 1: Should it rain tomorrow, we will have to stay indoors.
Câu 2: Were I you, I would take a rest before the exam.
Câu 3: Had she known about the meeting, she would have come.
Câu 4: Should he study harder, he will pass the IELTS test with a high score.
Câu 5: Should the food not be fresh, it causes stomachache.
Câu 6: Were I a billionaire, I would travel around the world.
Câu 7: Had they practiced more, they wouldn't have lost the game.
Câu 8: Were she to move to London, she would find a better job.
Câu 9: Had he not spent all his money yesterday, he would have enough now.
Câu 10: Were I not so busy now, I would have joined you yesterday.
Câu 11: Should you not find the documents, please inform the manager.
Câu 12: Were she taller, she could have joined the basketball team last year.
Câu 13: Had he followed the instructions, the experiment wouldn't have failed.
Câu 14: Were they to live closer to the office, they wouldn't be late so often.
Câu 15: Had I not lost my keys, I would be inside the house now.
Câu 16: Were she to lose her job, she would be in great trouble.
Câu 17: Were he to work more slowly, he wouldn't make so many mistakes.
Câu 18: Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
Câu 19: Should anyone call, tell them I will be back soon.
Câu 20: Should the temperature reach 100 degrees Celsius, water boils.
Bài tập hoàn thành câu điều kiện với các liên từ phù hợp
Đề bài: Điền liên từ phù hợp vào chỗ trống (If, Unless, Provided that, Otherwise, Without, But for).
Câu 1: __________ you freeze water, it stays in liquid form.
Câu 2: You can borrow my camera __________ you promise to handle it carefully.
Câu 3: __________ your help, I wouldn't have been able to finish the project on time.
Câu 4: You must study harder; __________ you will fail the final exam.
Câu 5: __________ it rains tomorrow, we will go for a hike in the mountains.
Câu 6: __________ the traffic was heavy, we would have arrived at the airport earlier.
Câu 7: You can stay here __________ you keep quiet while I'm working.
Câu 8: __________ a miracle, the team has no chance of winning the championship now.
Câu 9: Please call me immediately __________ there is any change in the schedule.
Câu 10: I would have bought that house __________ the high interest rates at that time.
Câu 11: __________ he practiced more last month, he would be a better player now.
Câu 12: Wear a warm coat; __________ you will catch a cold in this weather.
Câu 13: __________ she had taken the map, she wouldn't be lost in the city rightώρα now.
Câu 14: They will support our product __________ we give them a reasonable discount.
Câu 15: __________ his bravery, the child would have drowned in the river.
Câu 16: __________ you follow the instructions, the machine will not function properly.
Câu 17: I'll lend you the money __________ you pay me back by next Friday.
Câu 18: We must hurry up; __________ we will miss the last bus home.
Câu 19: __________ I were in your position, I wouldn't accept such a demanding job.
Câu 20: __________ she to lose her job now, she would have struggled to pay her bills last year.
Đáp án
Câu 1: If → Điều kiện loại 0 (sự thật hiển nhiên).
Câu 2: Provided that → Mang nghĩa “miễn là”, diễn tả điều kiện cần.
Câu 3: Without → “Không có…” thay cho “If it weren’t for”.
Câu 4: Otherwise → “Nếu không thì…” chỉ kết quả tiêu cực.
Câu 5: If → Điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra trong tương lai).
Câu 6: But for → “Nếu không vì…” giả định trái ngược trong quá khứ.
Câu 7: Provided that → Điều kiện bắt buộc để được ở lại.
Câu 8: Without → “Nếu không có…” tả điều kiện hiện tại không có thật.
Câu 9: If → Điều kiện xảy ra trong tương lai.
Câu 10: But for → “Nếu không vì…” (lãi suất cao trong quá khứ).
Câu 11: If → Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 & 3.
Câu 12: Otherwise → “Nếu không thì…” để cảnh báo kết quả.
Câu 13: If → Điều kiện loại 3 (quá khứ → hiện tại).
Câu 14: Provided that → Điều kiện để được hỗ trợ.
Câu 15: But for → “Nếu không nhờ…” chỉ tình huống giả định quá khứ.
Câu 16: Unless → “Nếu không…” (= If … not).
Câu 17: Provided that → Điều kiện đi kèm cam kết.
Câu 18: Otherwise → “Nếu không thì…” chỉ kết quả chắc chắn xảy ra.
Câu 19: If → Điều kiện loại 2 (giả định hiện tại).
Câu 20: Were → Đảo ngữ điều kiện loại 2 (Were + S + to V).
Bài tập biến đổi câu điều kiện sang đảo ngữ với Should, Were, Had
Đề bài: Viết lại các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ tương ứng.
Câu 1: If you see him at the office, tell him to wait for me.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 2: If I were you, I would consult a specialist about this.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 3: If they had checked the weather forecast, they wouldn't have gone sailing.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 4: If the temperature falls below zero, water turns into ice.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 5: If she practiced every day, she would play the piano beautifully.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 6: If he doesn't arrive on time, we will start the meeting without him.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 7: If I were a member of the board, I would vote against this proposal.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 8: If we had not missed the bus, we would have been at the party long ago.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 9: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 10: If he didn't spend so much time gaming, he would have finished his thesis last week.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 11: If they had bought that house ten years ago, its value would be double now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 12: If I were not so busy at the moment, I would have helped you yesterday.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 13: If you should need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 14: If she were to lose her scholarship, her parents would be very disappointed.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 15: If the team had been more focused, they wouldn't have lost the championship.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 16: If he worked more efficiently, he wouldn't be working late every night.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 17: If I hadn't lost my passport, I would be flying to London right now.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 18: If she were taller, she could have applied for the flight attendant position last month.
→ Were ……………………………………………………………………………………
Câu 19: If it should rain this afternoon, the outdoor concert will be moved inside.
→ Should ………………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 20: If they had not been so careless, the secret would not have been revealed.
→ Had ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Đáp án
Câu 1: Should you see him at the office, tell him to wait for me. → Đảo ngữ loại 1 (Should + S + V)
Câu 2: Were I you, I would consult a specialist about this. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + …)
Câu 3: Had they checked the weather forecast, they wouldn't have gone sailing. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (Had + S + V3)
Câu 4: Should the temperature fall below zero, water turns into ice. → Đảo ngữ với “Should” (câu điều kiện loại 0/1)
Câu 5: Were she to practice every day, she would play the piano beautifully. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + to V)
Câu 6: Should he not arrive on time, we will start the meeting without him. → Đảo ngữ loại 1 (Should + S + not + V)
Câu 7: Were I a member of the board, I would vote against this proposal. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + …)
Câu 8: Had we not missed the bus, we would have been at the party long ago. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (Had + S + not + V3)
Câu 9: Should you mix blue and yellow, you get green. → Đảo ngữ với “Should” (câu điều kiện loại 0)
Câu 10: Were he not to spend so much time gaming, he would have finished his thesis last week. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + not to V)
Câu 11: Had they bought that house ten years ago, its value would be double now. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (câu điều kiện hỗn hợp)
Câu 12: Were I not so busy at the moment, I would have helped you yesterday. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (câu điều kiện hỗn hợp)
Câu 13: Should you need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us. → Đảo ngữ loại 1 (Should + S + V)
Câu 14: Were she to lose her scholarship, her parents would be very disappointed. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + to V)
Câu 15: Had the team been more focused, they wouldn't have lost the championship. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (Had + S + V3)
Câu 16: Were he to work more efficiently, he wouldn't be working late every night. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (Were + S + to V)
Câu 17: Had I not lost my passport, I would be flying to London right now. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (câu điều kiện hỗn hợp)
Câu 18: Were she taller, she could have applied for the flight attendant position last month. → Đảo ngữ loại 2 (câu điều kiện hỗn hợp)
Câu 19: Should it rain this afternoon, the outdoor concert will be moved inside. → Đảo ngữ loại 1 (Should + S + V)
Câu 20: Had they not been so careless, the secret would not have been revealed. → Đảo ngữ loại 3 (Had + S + not + V3)
Bài tập phát hiện và sửa lỗi sai trong câu điều kiện
Đề bài: Tìm lỗi sai trong mỗi câu dưới đây và sửa lại cho đúng.
Câu 1: If you mixes (A) red and blue, you get (B) purple.
Câu 2: If it will rain (A) tomorrow, we will stay (B) at home.
Câu 3: If (A) I were you, I will (B) buy that car.
Câu 4: Should (A) he comes (B) late, we will start the meeting.
Câu 5: If he had (A) a map, he wouldn't get (B) lost yesterday.
Câu 6: Had (A) she knew (B) the truth, she would have been angry.
Câu 7: If she studied (A) harder last year, she is (B) a student now.
Câu 8: Were (A) I am (B) a billionaire, I would travel around the world.
Câu 9: If you didn't spend (A) all your money yesterday, you would have (B) enough now.
Câu 10: Unless (A) you don't (B) study hard, you will fail the exam.
Câu 11: Were (A) he not to (B) be so busy, he would have joined us.
Câu 12: If the temperature is (A) falling below zero, water turns (B) into ice.
Câu 13: Would (A) you have passed the exam if you studied (B) harder?
Câu 14: Should (A) you to need (B) any help, please let me know.
Câu 15: If he works (A) more slowly, he would make (B) fewer mistakes.
Câu 16: Had (A) I not lost (B) my keys, I would be (C) inside the house yesterday (D).
Câu 17: If she were (A) taller, she could join (B) the team last year.
Câu 18: Were (A) they invite (B) us, we would accept the invitation.
Câu 19: If I known (A) about the meeting, I would have (B) attended.
Câu 20: Should (A) the alarm ringing (B), everyone must leave the building.
Đáp án
Câu 1: A. mixes → mix (Loại 0: Chủ ngữ “you” đi với động từ nguyên mẫu.)
Câu 2: A. will rain → rains (Mệnh đề If loại 1 không dùng “will”.)
Câu 3: B. will → would (Loại 2: Mệnh đề chính dùng “would + V-inf”.)
Câu 4: B. comes → come (Đảo ngữ loại 1: “Should + S + V-inf”.)
Câu 5: A. had → had had (Trái quá khứ dùng loại 3.)
Câu 6: B. knew → known (Sau “Had” phải dùng V3/ed.)
Câu 7: B. is → would be (Hỗn hợp loại 3: Kết quả hiện tại dùng “would + V-inf”.)
Câu 8: B. am → X (Đảo ngữ loại 2 với to be: “Were + S + Adj/N”.)
Câu 9: A. didn’t spend → hadn’t spent (Hỗn hợp loại 3: Giả thiết quá khứ dùng “had + V3/ed”.)
Câu 10: B. don’t → X (“Unless” đã mang nghĩa phủ định.)
Câu 11: B. not to → not (Với động từ to be: “Were + S + not + Adj”.)
Câu 12: A. is → falls (Loại 0: Dùng hiện tại đơn.)
Câu 13: B. studied → had studied (Câu điều kiện loại 3: “If + S + had + V3/ed”.)
Câu 14: B. to need → need (Đảo ngữ loại 1: “Should + S + V-inf”.)
Câu 15: A. works → worked (Loại 2: Mệnh đề If dùng quá khứ đơn.)
Câu 16: C. would be → would have been (Có “yesterday” dùng câu điều kiện loại 3.)
Câu 17: B. could join → could have joined (Hỗn hợp loại 2: Kết quả quá khứ dùng “could have + V3”.)
Câu 18: B. invite → to invite (Đảo ngữ loại 2: “Were + S + to V”.)
Câu 19: A. known → had known (Loại 3: “If + S + had + V3/ed”.)
Câu 20: B. ringing → ring (Đảo ngữ loại 1: dùng động từ nguyên mẫu.)
Bài tập hoàn thiện đoạn văn hoặc cuộc đối thoại trong tình huống giả định
Đề bài: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng câu điều kiện phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.
- Đoạn 1: Cuộc trò chuyện về kế hoạch cuối tuần
John: The weather forecast says it might rain tomorrow.
Jimmy: That’s a shame. If it (1. rain) __________, the outdoor concert (2. be) __________ cancelled.
John: Should that (3. happen) __________, what (4. we / do) __________ instead?
Jimmy: Well, if we (5. not / go) __________ to the concert, we can always go to the cinema.
- Đoạn 2: Hối tiếc về một kỳ thi đã qua
Teacher: Why didn't you pass the exam, Tom?
Tom: If I (6. study) __________ harder last month, I (7. not / fail) __________ it.
Teacher: Had you (8. ask) __________ me for help, I (9. explain) __________ the grammar modules to you.
Tom: I know. If I (10. be) __________ more serious about my studies then, I (11. be) __________ a university student right now.
- Đoạn 3: Giả định về một thực tế khác
Sarah: You look tired. Is everything okay?
Mark: Not really. If I (12. be) __________ you, I (13. not / accept) __________ this much work.
Sarah: I have no choice. Were I (14. not / have) __________ to pay off my student loans, I (15. work) __________ fewer hours.
Mark: But you (16. not / be) __________ in such a mess now if you (17. not / spend) __________ so much money on that expensive car last year!
- Đoạn 4: Những quy luật tự nhiên và hướng dẫn
If you (18. mix) __________ blue and yellow, you always (19. get) __________ green. It’s a basic rule. Also, should any emergency (20. occur) __________ during the experiment, press the red button immediately to cut the power.
Đáp án
- Đoạn 1
Câu 1: rains → Loại 1: mệnh đề If dùng hiện tại đơn.
Câu 2: will be → Kết quả tương lai → “will + V”.
Câu 3: happen → Sau “Should” dùng V nguyên mẫu.
Câu 4: will we do → Câu hỏi loại 1 → “will + S + V”.
Câu 5: don’t go → Mệnh đề If loại 1 dùng hiện tại đơn.
- Đoạn 2
Câu 6: had studied → Loại 3: giả định quá khứ.
Câu 7: wouldn’t have failed → Kết quả quá khứ → “would have + V3”.
Câu 8: asked → “Had + S + V3” (đảo ngữ loại 3).
Câu 9: would have explained → Kết quả quá khứ.
Câu 10: had been → Giả định quá khứ.
Câu 11: would be → Hỗn hợp (quá khứ → hiện tại).
- Đoạn 3
Câu 12: were → “If I were you” (loại 2).
Câu 13: wouldn’t accept → Loại 2: “would + V”.
Câu 14: not to have → “Were + S + (not) to V”.
Câu 15: would work → Kết quả loại 2.
Câu 16: wouldn’t be → Kết quả hiện tại (hỗn hợp).
Câu 17: hadn’t spent → Giả định quá khứ.
- Đoạn 4
Câu 18: mix → Loại 0: hiện tại đơn.
Câu 19: get → Kết quả luôn đúng → hiện tại đơn.
Câu 20: occur → Sau “Should” dùng V nguyên mẫu.
Hy vọng phần lý thuyết và bài tập trên đã giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về câu điều kiện và cách viết lại câu. IELTS The Tutors tin rằng khi bạn nắm chắc cấu trúc và luyện tập đều đặn, bạn sẽ sử dụng ngữ pháp linh hoạt hơn, không còn thấy khó hay rối như trước. Hãy duy trì thói quen học mỗi ngày để tiến bộ bền vững và đạt kết quả tốt trong các bài kiểm tra. Chúc bạn luôn giữ vững sự tự tin và sớm hái được quả ngọt trong các kỳ thi sắp tới nhé!
