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Tóm tắt lý thuyết cách viết lại câu điều kiện
Trước khi bắt đầu phần bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện, hãy cùng IELTS The Tutors ôn lại nhanh lý thuyết và các cấu trúc chuyển đổi quan trọng. Dạng bài này chủ yếu xoay quanh hai kỹ thuật chính: biến đổi cấu trúc (đảo ngữ) và sử dụng các cụm từ thay thế.
Cấu trúc viết lại điều kiện với đảo ngữ
- Câu điều kiện loại 1: Diễn tả một sự việc có thật hoặc có khả năng cao xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai.
| Cấu trúc | Đảo ngữ | |
| Động từ to be | If + S + am/is/are (not) + adj/noun phrase, S + will/should/can… + V-inf | Should + S + (not) + be + Adj/N, S + will/should/can… + V-inf |
| Động từ thường | If + S + V(s/es), S + will/should/can… + V-inf | Should + S + (not) + Vs/es, S + will/should/can … + V -inf |
- Câu điều kiện loại 2: Diễn tả một tình huống không có thật, trái với thực tế hiện tại hoặc ít có khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai.
| Cấu trúc | Đảo ngữ | |
| Động từ to be | If + S + were (not) + adj/noun phrase, S + would/might/could…+ V-inf | Were + S + (not) + Adj/N, S + would/might/could… + V.-inf |
| Động từ thường | If + S + V2/ed, S + would/might/could… + V-inf | Were + S + (not) + to V, S + would/might/could… + V-inf |
Lưu ý: “were” dùng cho tất cả các ngôi trong văn phong trang trọng.
- Câu điều kiện loại 3: Diễn tả một tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ, đồng thời nêu ra kết quả giả định của tình huống đó, thường mang ý nghĩa tiếc nuối.
| Cấu trúc | Đảo ngữ | |
| Động từ to be | If + S + had (not) been + adj/noun phrase, S + would/might/could… + V-inf | Had + S + (not) + been + Adj/Noun , S2 + would/might/could… + have + V3/ed |
| Động từ thường | If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/might/could… + have + V3/ed | Had + S + (not) + V3/ed, S + would/might/could… + have + V3/ed |
- Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp: Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra (hoặc không xảy ra) trong quá khứ nhưng hậu quả của nó vẫn kéo dài đến hiện tại.
| Cấu trúc | Đảo ngữ |
| If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/might/could… + V-inf | Had + S + (not) + V3/ed …, S + would/might/could + V-inf |
Viết lại câu điều kiện sử dụng các liên từ và cụm từ thay thế
- Unless (Trừ khi): Unless = If… not
- Otherwise (Nếu không thì): Thường dùng thay cho If… don't. Vế sau Otherwise nêu lên hậu quả.
- Without / But for (Nếu không vì/ Nếu không nhờ có): Cấu trúc là “Without / But for + Noun/V-ing”. But for thường dùng cho loại 2 và 3.
Cách chuyển đổi từ câu trần thuật sang “If”
Phần kiến thức này xuất hiện khá thường xuyên trong các bài tập viết lại câu.
Khi viết lại câu trần thuật sang câu điều kiện, trước hết cần xác định thời gian và ý nghĩa của tình huống để chọn đúng loại câu điều kiện.
Bước 1: Xác định loại câu điều kiện.
- Tình huống có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → Dùng câu điều kiện loại 1
- Tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại → Dùng câu điều kiện loại 2
- Tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ, thường mang ý tiếc nuối → Dùng câu điều kiện loại 3
Ví dụ: I don’t have enough money, so I can’t buy this phone. → Đây là tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại → dùng câu điều kiện loại 2.
Bước 2: Chuyển nguyên nhân thành mệnh đề “if”
Khi đổi sang câu điều kiện, mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân sẽ được chuyển thành mệnh đề “if”.
Trong nhiều trường hợp:
- Câu gốc khẳng định → câu điều kiện mang nghĩa phủ định
- Câu gốc phủ định → câu điều kiện mang nghĩa khẳng định
Tuy nhiên, cần dựa vào ý nghĩa thực tế của câu thay vì áp dụng công thức cố định.
Bước 3: Giữ đúng mối quan hệ nguyên nhân – kết quả
Các từ như “so”, “because”, “that’s why” thường dùng để nối nguyên nhân và kết quả. Khi viết lại, nguyên nhân sẽ trở thành mệnh đề “if”, còn kết quả giữ ở mệnh đề chính.
Ví dụ: She was sick, so she stayed home. → If she hadn’t been sick, she wouldn’t have stayed home.
Kiến thức đầy đủ: Cách viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3 đơn giản & bài tập
Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện cơ bản
Bài 1: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
Chuyển các câu sau sang dạng đảo ngữ phù hợp.
1. If you need any assistance, please contact the reception.
2. If she has time this weekend, she will visit her grandparents.
3. If they buy that house, they will need to renovate it.
4. If I were you, I would take that opportunity immediately.
5. If he were taller, he could join the basketball team.
6. If the weather were better, we would go for a picnic.
7. If they had prepared better, the event would have been a success.
8. If she had known about the traffic, she would have taken the subway.
9. If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn't be in this trouble now.
10. If we had arrived earlier, we wouldn't have missed the opening speech.
Bài 2: Chia động từ để hoàn thiện câu
Dựa vào câu gốc, hãy chia đúng thì của động từ trong câu điều kiện.
1. The road was slippery, so there was an accident.
→ If the road (not/be) __________ slippery, there (not/be) __________ an accident.
2. I don't have his phone number, so I can't call him.
→ If I (have) __________ his phone number, I (can/call) __________ him.
3. It will rain tomorrow, so we will cancel the match.
→ If it (rain) __________ tomorrow, we (cancel) __________ the match.
4. She didn't study hard, so she failed the exam.
→ If she (study) __________ harder, she (pass) __________ the exam.
5. He is lazy, that's why he doesn't get promoted.
→ If he (not/be) __________ lazy, he (get) __________ promoted.
6. If you don't wear a helmet, you will be fined.
→ You (wear) __________ a helmet, otherwise you (be) __________ fined.
7. If he doesn't work hard, he won't get a bonus.
→ Without (work) __________ hard, he (not/get) __________ a bonus.
8. If I had a map, I wouldn't get lost.
→ But for (not/have) __________ a map, I (not/get) __________ lost.
9. They don't have a car, so they go by bus.
→ If they (have) __________ a car, they (not/go) __________ by bus.
10. She was sick, so she didn't go to work.
→ If she (not/be) __________ sick, she (go) __________ to work.
Bài 3: Hoàn thiện câu dựa trên gợi ý
1. I’m not rich, so I can’t buy a villa.
→ If I were rich, ____________________.
2. He didn't take the medicine, so he feels worse now.
→ If he had taken the medicine, ____________________.
3. We will have a party because it is his birthday.
→ If it weren't his birthday, ____________________.
4. She is busy, that's why she doesn't join us.
→ ____________________, she would join us.
5. Because they were late, they missed the first part of the movie.
→ ____________________, they wouldn't have missed the first part.
6. You don't exercise regularly, so you are not fit.
→ If you exercised regularly, ____________________.
7. If she doesn't save money, she can't buy a new laptop.
→ She must save money, otherwise ____________________.
8. If he were more careful, he wouldn't make mistakes.
→ But for his ____________________, he wouldn't make mistakes.
9. Without your help, I couldn't finish this project.
→ ____________________, I couldn't finish this project.
10. If you don't hurry, you will be late for school.
→ ____________________ otherwise you will be late.
Bài 4: Chuyển đổi If sang Unless
1. If you don't study hard, you will fail the test.
2. If it doesn't rain, we will go to the park.
3. If she doesn't invite me, I won't go to the party.
4. If he doesn't change his lifestyle, he will get sick.
5. If they don't fix the car, we can't go on a trip.
6. If I don't get a promotion, I will look for another job.
7. If you don't tell the truth, nobody will trust you.
8. If the alarm doesn't go off, I will oversleep.
9. If we don't protect the environment, the Earth will be polluted.
10. If she doesn't speak up, no one will hear her.
Bài 5: Chuyển đổi tình huống sang If
1. I don't know her address, so I can't send her a gift.
2. He didn't study for the test, so he got a low grade.
3. The coffee is too hot, so I can't drink it.
4. She was tired, so she went to bed early.
5. They didn't see the sign, so they parked in the wrong place.
6. We are not free today, so we can't visit you.
7. I forgot my wallet at home, so I couldn't buy the groceries.
8. The weather is bad, so the flight is delayed.
9. He doesn't have a passport, so he can't travel abroad.
10. She didn't listen to the instructions, so she made a mistake.
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài 1
1. Should you need any assistance, please contact the reception.
2/ Should she have time this weekend, she will visit her grandparents.
3. Should they buy that house, they will need to renovate it.
4. Were I you, I would take that opportunity immediately.
5. Were he taller, he could join the basketball team.
6. Were the weather better, we would go for a picnic.
7. Had they prepared better, the event would have been a success.
8. Had she known about the traffic, she would have taken the subway.
9. Had he listened to my advice, he wouldn’t be in this trouble now.
10. Had we arrived earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the opening speech.
Bài 2
1. If the road had not been slippery, there would not have been an accident.
2. If I had his phone number, I could call him.
3. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the match.
4. If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
5. If he were not lazy, he would get promoted.
6. You must wear a helmet, otherwise you will be fined.
7. Without working hard, he will not get a bonus.
8. But for not having a map, I would get lost.
9. If they had a car, they would not go by bus.
10. If she had not been sick, she would have gone to work.
Bài 3
1. If I were rich, I could buy a villa.
2. If he had taken the medicine, he wouldn’t feel worse now.
3. If it weren’t his birthday, we wouldn’t have a party.
4. If she were not busy, she would join us.
5. If they hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the first part.
6. If you exercised regularly, you would be fit.
7. She must save money, otherwise she can’t buy a new laptop.
8. But for his carelessness, he wouldn’t make mistakes.
9. If it weren’t for your help, I couldn’t finish this project.
10. Hurry up, otherwise you will be late.
Bài 4
1. Unless you study hard, you will fail the test.
2. Unless it rains, we will go to the park.
3. Unless she invites me, I won’t go to the party.
4. Unless he changes his lifestyle, he will get sick.
5. Unless they fix the car, we can’t go on a trip.
6. Unless I get a promotion, I will look for another job.
7. Unless you tell the truth, nobody will trust you.
8. Unless the alarm goes off, I will oversleep.
9. Unless we protect the environment, the Earth will be polluted.
10. Unless she speaks up, no one will hear her.
Bài 5
1. If I knew her address, I could send her a gift.
2. If he had studied for the test, he wouldn’t have got a low grade.
3. If the coffee weren’t too hot, I could drink it.
4. If she hadn’t been tired, she wouldn’t have gone to bed early.
5. If they had seen the sign, they wouldn’t have parked in the wrong place.
6. If we were free today, we could visit you.
7. If I hadn’t forgotten my wallet at home, I could have bought the groceries.
8. If the weather were good, the flight wouldn’t be delayed.
9. If he had a passport, he could travel abroad.
10. If she had listened to the instructions, she wouldn’t have made a mistake.
Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện nâng cao
Bài 1: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai
1. If I was you, I would have accepted the offer last week.
2. Unless you don't study hard, you will fail the exam.
3. If he had known the truth, he would be very angry now.
4. Without his help, I will have failed the exam yesterday.
5. But for the heavy rain, we will go for a walk now.
6. If she were not busy, she could attend the meeting yesterday.
7. Should you needed any help, please let me know.
8. Had he not been sleepy, he would have pass the test.
9. If they hadn't overslept, they would catch the early flight.
10. Provided that he didn't work hard, he won't be promoted.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu kết hợp nhiều cấu trúc
Viết lại câu sử dụng các cụm từ trong ngoặc.
1. She didn't follow the doctor's advice, so she is still sick now. (If/Mixed)
2. He isn't a professional, so he can't fix the machine. (Were/Inversion)
3. Without your encouragement, I wouldn't have succeeded. (If it hadn't been for)
4. You must pay the fee, or you won't get the ticket. (Otherwise)
5. He didn't win the lottery, so he is not a millionaire now. (Had/Inversion/Mixed)
6. Provided that you finish your homework, you can watch TV. (If)
7. But for the traffic jam, she would have arrived on time. (If)
8. Unless she practices more, she won't win the competition. (If)
9. Without his warning, the accident would have happened. (Had)
10. If you see him, tell him to call me. (Should)
Bài 3: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditionals)
1. I didn't learn English earlier, so I can't communicate with him now.
2. She didn't save money, so she is broke now.
3. They didn't take a map, so they are lost now.
4. He didn't go to university, so he doesn't have a good job now.
5. I didn't eat breakfast, so I am hungry now.
6. We didn't book the room, so we have no place to stay tonight.
7. She didn't listen to me, so she is in trouble now.
8. They didn't install the alarm, so the house is unsafe now.
9. I didn't take the medicine yesterday, so I feel sick today.
10. He didn't exercise, so he is not fit now.
Bài 4: Viết lại câu nâng cao với Without/But for/Otherwise
1. If the government hadn't acted quickly, the economy would be in ruins. (But for)
2. If you don't have a membership card, you can't enter the gym. (Without)
3. If he hadn't been so brave, he wouldn't have saved the child. (But for)
4. If they don't reduce pollution, the environment will be destroyed. (Otherwise)
5. If she hadn't been for her talent, she wouldn't be famous today. (Without)
6. If the internet didn't exist, our lives would be very different. (Without)
7. If you don't follow the rules, you will be disqualified. (Otherwise)
8. If it hadn't been for the support of his family, he couldn't have finished his PhD. (But for)
9. If you don't pay attention, you will miss important information. (Otherwise)
10. If he hadn't for his quick thinking, the project would have failed. (Without)
Bài 5: Tổng hợp biến thể câu điều kiện
Viết lại câu 1 cách linh hoạt theo yêu cầu.
1. If he works hard, he will succeed.
(Đảo ngữ: __________ / Otherwise: __________)
2. If they hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble.
(Without: __________ / Đảo ngữ: __________)
3. If I were you, I would talk to him.
(Đảo ngữ: __________ / But for: __________)
4. If she doesn't study, she will fail.
(Unless: __________ / Otherwise: __________)
5. If we had known the schedule, we would be there now.
(Đảo ngữ: __________ / Without: __________)
6. If the water is clean, we can swim.
(Provided that: __________ / Unless: __________)
7. If he hadn't made a mistake, he would have won.
(But for: __________ / Đảo ngữ: __________)
8. If you wear a mask, you will protect yourself.
(Otherwise: __________ / Providing that: __________)
9. If they had received the message, they would have responded.
(Without: __________ / Đảo ngữ: __________)
10. If she lived closer, she would visit us more often.
(Unless: __________ / Đảo ngữ: __________)
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài 1
1. If I was you → If I had been you
2. you don't study → you study
3. Đúng
4. will have failed → would have failed
5. will go → would go
6. she were not busy → she had not been busy
7. needed → need
8. would have pass → would have passed
9. would catch → would have caught
10. he didn't work → he works
Bài 2:
1. If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she wouldn’t be sick now.
2. Were he a professional, he could fix the machine.
3. If it hadn’t been for your encouragement, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
4. You must pay the fee; otherwise, you won’t get the ticket.
5. Had he won the lottery, he would be a millionaire now.
6. If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.
7. If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, she would have arrived on time.
8. If she doesn’t practice more, she won’t win the competition.
9. Had he not warned us, the accident would have happened.
10. Should you see him, tell him to call me.
Bài 3:
1. If I had learned English earlier, I could communicate with him now.
2. If she had saved money, she wouldn’t be broke now.
3. If they had taken a map, they wouldn’t be lost now.
4. If he had gone to university, he would have a good job now.
5. If I had eaten breakfast, I wouldn’t be hungry now.
6. If we had booked the room, we would have a place to stay tonight.
7. If she had listened to me, she wouldn’t be in trouble now.
8. If they had installed the alarm, the house would be safe now.
9. If I had taken the medicine yesterday, I wouldn’t feel sick today.
10. If he had exercised, he would be fit now.
Bài 4:
1. But for the government’s quick action, the economy would be in ruins.
2. Without a membership card, you can’t enter the gym.
3. But for his bravery, he wouldn’t have saved the child.
4. They must reduce pollution; otherwise, the environment will be destroyed.
5. Without her talent, she wouldn’t be famous today.
6. Without the internet, our lives would be very different.
7. Follow the rules; otherwise, you will be disqualified.
8. But for the support of his family, he couldn’t have finished his PhD.
9. Pay attention; otherwise, you will miss important information.
10. Without his quick thinking, the project would have failed.
Bài 5:
1.
- Should he work hard, he will succeed.
- He must work hard; otherwise, he will not succeed.
2.
- Without their help, we would have been in trouble.
- Had they not helped us, we would have been in trouble.
3.
- Were I you, I would talk to him.
- But for your situation, I would talk to him. (ít tự nhiên – chấp nhận dạng học thuật)
4.
- Unless she studies, she will fail.
- She must study; otherwise, she will fail.
5.
- Had we known the schedule, we would be there now.
- Without knowing the schedule, we wouldn’t be there now.
6.
- Provided that the water is clean, we can swim.
- Unless the water is clean, we can’t swim.
7.
- But for his mistake, he would have won.
- Had he not made a mistake, he would have won.
8.
- Wear a mask; otherwise, you won’t protect yourself.
- Providing that you wear a mask, you will protect yourself.
9.
- Without receiving the message, they wouldn’t have responded.
- Had they received the message, they would have responded.
10.
- Unless she lives closer, she won’t visit us often.
- Were she to live closer, she would visit us more often.
Với 100+ bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện từ những dạng cơ bản như chuyển đổi If, Unless cho đến những cấu trúc chuyên sâu như đảo ngữ hay câu điều kiện hỗn hợp, IELTS The Tutors hy vọng bạn đã tự tin hơn trong việc xử lý các dạng đề khác nhau. Đừng quên quay lại ôn tập định kỳ và áp dụng những kiến thức này vào bài viết (Writing) hoặc bài nói (Speaking) để biến chúng thành kỹ năng tự nhiên của bản thân. Chúc các bạn học tập tốt và sớm chinh phục được mục tiêu ngôn ngữ của mình!
