Bài viết dưới đây từ IELTS The Tutors cung cấp danh sách bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn từ cơ bản đến nâng cao có đáp án giúp bạn ôn tập kiến thức này một cách hiệu quả.
Tóm tắt lý thuyết thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động diễn ra liên tục trong quá khứ và kết thúc ngay trước hoặc tại một thời điểm/hành động quá khứ khác. Trọng tâm của thì này nằm ở việc làm nổi bật tính liên tục và thời gian của hành động hơn là kết quả sau cùng.
Cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
|
Thể |
Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định |
S + had + been + V-ing + … |
My sister had been studying English for three hours before she took a break. (Em gái tôi đã học tiếng Anh liên tục trong ba tiếng đồng hồ trước khi nghỉ giải lao.) |
|
Phủ định |
S + had not (hadn't) + been + V-ing + … |
I hadn't been feeling very well all morning, so I decided to leave work early. (Tôi đã cảm thấy không khỏe suốt cả buổi sáng, nên tôi quyết định xin về sớm.) |
|
Câu hỏi Yes/No |
Had + S + been + V-ing + …? → Yes, S + had. → No, S + hadn’t. |
Had it been raining for many hours before the road got flooded? (Có phải trời đã mưa liên tục nhiều giờ đồng hồ trước khi con đường bị ngập không?) |
|
Câu hỏi Wh- |
Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing + …? |
How long had you been waiting for the train before it was cancelled? (Bạn đã đợi tàu trong bao lâu trước khi nó bị hủy chuyến?) |
Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Diễn tả một hành động diễn ra liên tục trong một khoảng thời gian và kéo dài đến một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, nhấn mạnh sự liền mạch, không bị gián đoạn của hành động trước mốc thời gian đó.
Ví dụ: By 11 o’clock last night, we had been watching films for four hours. (Tính đến 11 giờ đêm qua, chúng tôi đã xem phim liên tục suốt bốn tiếng đồng hồ.)
→ Hành động “xem phim” bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục và mốc kết thúc được xác định rõ là “11 giờ đêm qua”.
- Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra liên tục trong quá khứ thì có hành động khác xen vào. Mục đích nhấn mạnh quá trình của hành động thứ nhất (chia thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) trước khi bị hành động thứ hai (chia ở thì quá khứ đơn) làm gián đoạn.
Ví dụ: The students had been discussing the project when the teacher entered the room. (Các bạn học sinh đã đang thảo luận về dự án thì giáo viên bước vào lớp.)
→ Hành động “thảo luận” diễn ra liên tục cho đến thời điểm bị ngắt quãng bởi hành động “giáo viên vào lớp”.
- Dùng để nêu nguyên nhân dẫn đến một trạng thái hoặc cảm xúc tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ, đồng thời nhấn mạnh hành động đã kéo dài và tiêu tốn bao nhiêu thời gian, bao nhiêu công sức để tạo ra kết quả đó.
Ví dụ: Her eyes were red because she had been crying for a long time. (Mắt cô ấy đỏ hoe vì cô ấy đã khóc suốt một hồi lâu.)
→ “Mắt đỏ” là hệ quả trực tiếp của quá trình “khóc liên tục” trước đó. Sử dụng thì tiếp diễn trong tình huống này giúp nhấn mạnh sự mãnh liệt và thời gian dài của việc khóc.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Các cụm từ chỉ mốc thời gian kết thúc:
- Until then: Cho đến lúc đó.
- By the time + Mệnh đề quá khứ đơn: Trước lúc/Vào lúc ai đó làm gì.
- By + Mốc thời gian trong quá khứ: Trước một thời điểm nào đó.
- Prior to that time: Trước thời điểm đó.
Ví dụ:
- By the time the firemen arrived, the building had been burning for two hours. (Vào lúc lính cứu hỏa đến, tòa nhà đã cháy liên tục suốt hai tiếng đồng hồ rồi.)
- Until then, I hadn’t been thinking about moving to another city seriously. (Cho đến lúc đó, tôi vẫn chưa nghiêm túc nghĩ đến việc chuyển đến một thành phố khác.)
Các từ nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian:
- For + khoảng thời gian: Trong bao lâu.
- Since + mốc thời gian: Kể từ khi.
- All day/All morning/All week: Suốt cả ngày/cả sáng/cả tuần.
Ví dụ:
- He had been driving all day, so he was exhausted when he reached the hotel. (Anh ấy đã lái xe suốt cả ngày, vì vậy anh ấy mệt lả khi đến khách sạn.)
- They had been working for that company for ten years before it closed down. (Họ đã làm việc cho công ty đó suốt mười năm trước khi nó đóng cửa.)
Xem thêm:
Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn cơ bản
Bài tập 1: Trắc nghiệm chọn trợ động từ đúng
Chọn phương án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu.
1. My sister ______ been studying for 3 hours before she took a nap.
A. has
B. had
C. was
2. ______ they been waiting long when the bus finally came?
A. Had
B. Have
C. Did
3. I ______ not been feeling well, so I went to see a doctor.
A. haven't
B. hadn't
C. wasn't
4. By the time we arrived, the building ______ been burning for an hour.
A. had
B. has
C. is
5. How long had you ______ working there before you resigned?
A. be
B. being
C. been
6. The ground was wet because it ______ been raining all night.
A. ‘d
B. ‘s
C. was
7. We ______ been expecting him, so his arrival was a surprise.
A. hadn't
B. haven't
C. wouldn't
8. Had the workers ______ since early morning?
A. been toil
B. been toiling
C. toiling
9. She ______ been crying, her eyes were very red.
A. had
B. did
C. has
10. ______ the team been practicing before the match started?
A. Had
B. Have
C. Did
Bài tập 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thể khẳng định
1. I (work) __________ all day, so I was exhausted in the evening.
2. They (live) __________ in London for five years before they moved to Paris.
3. She (sleep) __________ for ten hours when I finally woke her up.
4. We (date) __________ for three years before we got engaged.
5. It (snow) __________ for two days, and the roads were blocked.
6. By the time the teacher arrived, the students (talk) __________ loudly.
7. He (run) __________ for an hour, so he was out of breath.
8. The farmers (work) __________ in the field since dawn before it rained.
9. I (wait) __________ at the airport for ages when the plane landed.
10. My mother (cook) __________ in the kitchen before the guests arrived.
Bài tập 3: Chia động từ ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn
1. (you/wait) __________ long before the taxi arrived?
2. He (not/study) __________ hard enough, so he failed the exam.
3. (she/work) __________ at that company for a long time before she quit?
4. We (not/travel) __________ for long when the car broke down.
5. (it/rain) __________ before you went out?
6. They (not/exercise) __________ regularly before they joined the gym.
7. (how long/they/drive) __________ before they found a petrol station?
8. I (not/pay) __________ attention, so I didn't hear the instructions.
9. (what/you/do) __________ before I called you yesterday?
10. The child (not/eat) __________ anything for hours before he felt hungry.
Bài tập 4: Chuyển đổi từ tình huống sang câu hoàn chỉnh
Viết lại câu sử dụng thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn dựa trên tình huống cho sẵn.
1. Tom started waiting for me at 7:00. I arrived at 7:30. (wait)
→ When I arrived, Tom _________________________________________.
2. It began raining two hours ago. It was still raining when we went out. (rain)
→ It _________________________________________ when we went out.
3. Sarah started working at the factory in 2015. It closed in 2020. (work)
→ Sarah _________________________________________ for five years when it closed.
4. The boys were playing football when I saw them. They had started at 2 PM and finished at 4 PM (play)
→ The boys _________________________________________ for two hours when I saw them.
5. I was looking for my keys for 30 minutes. Then I found them under the sofa. (look)
→ I _________________________________________ for 30 minutes before I found my keys.
6. The orchestra began playing. Ten minutes later, a man started shouting. (play)
→ The orchestra _________________________________________ for ten minutes when the man started shouting.
7. She was studying English. She started at 8 AM. At 11 AM, she took a break. (study)
→ She _________________________________________ for three hours before she took a break.
8. They were driving to the beach. They started at 6 AM. At 9 AM, they had an accident. (drive)
→ They _________________________________________ for three hours when they had an accident.
9. I started writing the report at 9 PM. At midnight, I finished it. (write)
→ I _________________________________________ the report for three hours before midnight.
10. The baby was crying. He started at 10:00. His mother came at 10:15. (cry)
→ The baby _________________________________________ for 15 minutes when his mother came.
Bài tập 5: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong câu
1. By the time I arrived, they have been waiting for an hour.
2. She had being working hard all day, so she was tired.
3. I had been knowing him for ten years before we became partners.
4. They had been played football for two hours when it rained.
5. How long had she been study English before she moved to London?
6. It had raining all day, so the ground was very muddy.
7. We hadn't being traveling for long when the engine stopped.
8. My father had been smoke for 20 years before he gave up.
9. Until then, I had been lived in a small village.
10. By the time it got dark, the children were playing in the park all afternoon.
Đáp án bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài tập 1:
1. B. had
2. A. Had
3. B. hadn't
4. A. had
5. C. been
6. A. ‘d
7. A. hadn't
8. B. been toiling
9. A. had
10. A. Had
Bài tập 2:
1. had been working
2. had been living
3. had been sleeping
4. had been dating
5. had been snowing
6. had been talking
7. had been running
8. had been working
9. had been waiting
10. had been cooking
Bài tập 3:
1. Had you been waiting
2. had not been studying
3. Had she been working
4. had not been traveling
5. Had it been raining
6. had not been exercising
7. How long had they been driving
8. had not been paying
9. What had you been doing
10. had not been eating
Bài tập 4:
1. had been waiting for me for 30 minutes
2. had been raining for two hours
3. had been working at the factory
4. had been playing football
5. had been looking for my keys
6. had been playing
7. had been studying English
8. had been driving to the beach
9. had been writing
10. had been crying
Bài tập 5:
1. have been waiting → had been waiting
2. had being working → had been working
3. had been knowing → had known
4. had been played → had been playing
5. been study → been studying
6. had raining → had been raining
7. hadn't being traveling → hadn't been traveling
8. had been smoke → had been smoking
9. had been lived → had lived
10. were playing → had been playing
Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nâng cao
Bài tập 6: Chia động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. I (write) __________ three letters before lunch.
2. He (write) __________ letters all morning.
3. They (win) __________ the match, so they were celebrating.
4. They (play) __________ for two hours when the rain started.
5. She (clean) __________ the house, so it looked beautiful.
6. She (clean) __________ the house for hours, so she was exhausted.
7. We (wait) __________ for the bus for 30 minutes before it arrived.
8. I (see) __________ that movie three times already before I watched it again with my friends.
9. How many coffees (you/drink) __________ before the meeting?
10. How long (you/wait) __________ for her before she showed up?
Bài tập 7: Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. because / tired / been / working / all / I / was / hard / had / day / I.
2. long / before / had / How / you / been / there / living / moved / you /?
3. reached / she / driving / for / five / had / been / hours / before / she / home.
4. not / long / been / They / for / waiting / had / when / arrived / the / bus.
5. been / raining / had / It / morning / all / so / wet / was / the / grass.
6. had / been / for / years / She / English / learning / before / to / she / moved / USA.
7. crying / Why / the / been / had / child / before / his / came / mother /?
8. worked / He / that / for / company / had / been / for / a / decade.
9. looking / I / for / had / been / my / keys / all / morning.
10. the / time / By / arrived / they / we / been / for / had / cooking / hours / two.
Bài tập 8: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại
Sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc quá khứ đơn.
Andy: You looked really tired yesterday. What (1. you/do) __________?
Lucy: I (2. work) __________ on my thesis all night.
Andy: How long (3. you/write) __________ it before you finally finished?
Lucy: I (4. write) __________ for nearly ten hours.
Andy: (5. you/take) __________ any breaks during that time?
Lucy: Not really. I (6. drink) __________ coffee to stay awake.
Andy: By the time I (7. call) __________ you, you (8. already/study) __________ for a long time, right?
Lucy: Yes, I (9. study) __________ since 6 PM. I (10. feel) __________ like a zombie!
Bài tập 9: Chia động từ tổng hợp (Quá khứ đơn, Quá khứ tiếp diễn, Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
1. While I (walk) __________ in the park, I realized I (lose) __________ my wallet.
2. She (be) __________ tired because she (exercise) __________ at the gym.
3. When we (get) __________ to the party, everyone (dance) __________ for hours.
4. I (not/know) __________ that he (wait) __________ for me in the rain.
5. The sun (shine) __________ when I woke up, but it (rain) __________ all night.
6. By the time the movie (end) __________, I (sleep) __________ for thirty minutes.
7. They (talk) __________ on the phone for an hour when the battery (die) __________.
8. I (see) __________ Jim yesterday. He (look) __________ tired because he (work) __________ too hard.
9. (you/finish) __________ the report that you (write) __________ all week?
10. The kitchen (be) __________ a mess because the kids (bake) __________ cookies.
Bài tập 10: Hoàn thành các câu sau dựa trên ý tưởng của riêng bạn, sử dụng thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
1. I was very happy because I…
2. By the time I turned 20, I…
3. My friend was angry because I…
4. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students…
5. I decided to sit down because I…
6. Her clothes were covered in paint because she…
7. The streets were flooded because it…
8. Before I moved to this city, I…
9. We were exhausted when we arrived because we…
10. He finally passed the exam after he…
Đáp án bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài tập 6:
1. had written
2. had been writing
3. had won
4. had been playing
5. had cleaned
6. had been cleaning
7. had been waiting
8. had seen
9. had you drunk
10. had you been waiting
Bài tập 7:
1. I was tired because I had been working hard all day.
2. How long had you been living there before you moved?
3. She had been driving for five hours before she reached home.
4. They had not been waiting for long when the bus arrived.
5. It had been raining all morning, so the grass was wet.
6. She had been learning English for years before she moved to the USA.
7. Why had the child been crying before his mother came?
8. He had been working for that company for a decade.
9. I had been looking for my keys all morning.
10. By the time we arrived, they had been cooking for two hours.
Bài tập 8:
1. were you doing
2. had been working
3. had you been writing
4. had been writing
5. Did you take
6. had been drinking
7. called
8. had already been studying
9. had been studying
10. felt
Bài tập 9:
1. was walking – had lost
2. was – had been exercising
3. got – had been dancing
4. did not know – had been waiting
5. was shining – had been raining
6. ended – had been asleep
7. had been talking – died
8. saw – looked – had been working
9. Had you finished – had been writing
10. was – had been baking
Bài tập 10:
1. I was very happy because I had been studying hard.
2. By the time I turned 20, I had been learning English for 10 years.
3. My friend was angry because I had been ignoring him.
4. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students had been talking loudly.
5. I decided to sit down because I had been standing for too long.
6. Her clothes were covered in paint because she had been painting.
7. The streets were flooded because it had been raining heavily.
8. Before I moved to this city, I had been living in the countryside.
9. We were exhausted when we arrived because we had been traveling all night.
10. He finally passed the exam after he had been studying very hard.
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn sẽ không còn khó khi bạn nắm vững cấu trúc, hiểu rõ cách dùng và luyện tập đúng lộ trình. Với hệ thống kiến thức và bài tập từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, bạn có thể tự tin áp dụng hiệu quả trong học tập và thi cử.
Hãy luyện tập ngay bộ bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn trong bài viết và lưu lại để ôn tập khi cần. Nếu muốn tiến bộ nhanh hơn, bạn có thể tham khảo tài liệu từ IELTS The Tutors hoặc đăng ký khóa học để được hướng dẫn bài bản.
