Bài viết dưới đây từ IELTS The Tutors tổng hợp hơn 100 bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 kèm đáp án chi tiết. Tham khảo ngay!
Tóm tắt nhanh lý thuyết câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2
Lý thuyết câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu được dùng để diễn tả những sự việc có khả năng thực tế xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai nếu có một điều kiện nhất định.
- Công thức: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V
- Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, S + will + V
Ví dụ:
- If you finish your work early, you will have time to relax. (Nếu bạn hoàn thành công việc sớm, bạn sẽ có thời gian để thư giãn.)
- Should it rain tomorrow, we will cancel the trip. (Nếu ngày mai trời mưa, chúng tôi sẽ hủy chuyến đi.)
Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:
- Diễn tả một khả năng có thực trong tương lai:
Ví dụ: If the flight is delayed, we will wait at the lounge. (Nếu chuyến bay bị hoãn, chúng tôi sẽ đợi ở phòng chờ.)
- Đưa ra lời chỉ dẫn hoặc mệnh lệnh:
Ví dụ: If you finish the report, send it to the manager immediately. (Nếu bạn hoàn thành báo cáo, hãy gửi nó cho quản lý ngay lập tức.)
- Cảnh báo hoặc đe dọa:
Ví dụ: If you touch that wire, you will get an electric shock. (Nếu bạn chạm vào sợi dây đó, bạn sẽ bị điện giật.)
Lưu ý quan trọng:
- Mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước mà không cần dấu phẩy. Ví dụ: I will cook dinner if you buy the groceries.
- Ngoài “will”, ta có thể dùng “can” (khả năng), “must” (bắt buộc), “should” (khuyên bảo). Ví dụ: If you want to lose weight, you should exercise more.
Lý thuyết câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là cấu trúc diễn tả giả định, tình huống không có thật, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại hoặc khó có thể xảy ra trong tương lai.
- Công thức: If + S + V2/ed, S + would + V
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + (to V / adj / noun), S + would + V
Ví dụ:
- If I were you, I would take that opportunity. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nắm lấy cơ hội đó.)
- Were she to have more time, she would travel more often. (Nếu có thêm thời gian, cô ấy sẽ đi du lịch thường xuyên hơn.)
Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 2:
- Tình huống trái ngược thực tế hiện tại:
Ví dụ: If I knew how to play the piano, I would join a band. (Nếu tôi biết chơi piano, tôi đã tham gia một ban nhạc. Thực tế: Tôi không biết chơi.)
- Đưa ra lời khuyên (với cấu trúc If I were you):
Ví dụ: If I were you, I would accept the internship offer. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ chấp nhận lời đề nghị thực tập đó.)
- Những mong ước viển vông, khó xảy ra:
Ví dụ: If humans had wings, air travel would be completely different. (Nếu con người có cánh, việc di chuyển bằng đường hàng không sẽ hoàn toàn khác.)
Lưu ý quan trọng:
- Động từ to be ở vế “If” luôn được chia là “were” cho tất cả các ngôi (I, he, she, it, we, they).
- Sử dụng từ khuyết thiếu như “Would” chỉ kết quả sẽ xảy ra; còn “could” chỉ khả năng (nếu có thể). Ví dụ: If she spoke French, she could work for that Paris-based company. (Nếu cô ấy nói được tiếng Pháp, cô ấy có thể làm việc cho công ty có trụ sở tại Paris đó.)
Tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho câu điều kiện Loại 1
1. If it (be) _______ sunny tomorrow, we will go to the park.
2. If she (not/hurry) _______, she will miss the flight.
3. If they (invite) _______ me, I will definitely come.
4. If the weather (be) _______ cold, we (wear) _______ coats.
5. If you (study) _______ hard, you (pass) _______ the exam.
6. He (buy) _______ a new car if he (save) _______ enough money.
7. If the teacher (not/come) _______, we will have a free period.
8. If I (find) _______ your wallet, I (call) _______ you immediately.
9. If you (eat) _______ too much candy, your teeth (hurt) _______.
10. The cat (scratch) _______ you if you (pull) _______ its tail.
11. If it (rain) _______, I (stay) _______ at home.
12. If she (need) _______ help, she (ask) _______ us.
13. If you (not/clean) _______ your room, your mom (be) _______ angry.
14. If they (win) _______ this match, they (become) _______ the champions.
15. If I (have) _______ free time, I (watch) _______ a movie.
Bài tập 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho câu điều kiện Loại 2
1. If I (be) _______ you, I (apply) _______ for that job.
2. If he (have) _______ a car, he (drive) _______ to work.
3. If they (live) _______ in Japan, they (speak) _______ Japanese.
4. If I (know) _______ her number, I (call) _______ her.
5. If we (be) _______ rich, we (travel) _______ around the world.
6. If I (not/have) _______ so much work, I (go) _______ out with you.
7. What (you/do) _______ if you (see) _______ a ghost?
8. If he (be) _______ taller, he (play) _______ basketball.
9. If she (not/be) _______ ill, she (join) _______ the party.
10. If I (win) _______ the lottery, I (quit) _______ my job.
11. If the world (end) _______ tomorrow, what (you/do) _______?
12. If I (be) _______ an astronaut, I (travel) _______ to Mars.
13. If you (not/smoke) _______, you (feel) _______ much better.
14. If I (have) _______ wings, I (fly) _______ everywhere.
15. If she (study) _______ harder, she (get) _______ better grades.
Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thiện câu
1. If I _______ you, I wouldn't do that. (am/were)
2. If the sun _______, we will go for a walk. (shines/shone)
3. I would buy that dress if I _______ enough money. (have/had)
4. If I _______ the answer, I will tell you. (know/knew)
5. If I _______ a bird, I would fly to you. (am/were)
6. We _______ late if we don't hurry. (will be/would be)
7. What _______ you do if you found a diamond ring? (will/would)
8. If she _______ here, she would know what to do. (is/were)
9. If you _______ any help, just ask. (need/needed)
10. If I _______ a million dollars, I would build a hospital. (have/had)
11. If he _______ me, I'll go alone. (not/meet)
12. If I _______ his address, I'd send him an invitation. (know/knew)
Bài tập 4: Nối mệnh đề If với mệnh đề chính tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh
| Mệnh đề If | Mệnh đề chính |
| 1. If I see him tomorrow, | a. I would buy a bigger house. |
| 2. If I were a millionaire, | b. I will tell him the news. |
| 3. If you don't water the plants, | c. we will have to cancel the match. |
| 4. If it rains heavily, | d. they will die. |
| 5. If I had his phone number, | e. if I didn't have to work. |
| 6. I would go to the beach | f. I would call him. |
| 7. If she doesn't study, | g. she will fail the exam. |
| 8. If you touch the fire, | h. you will get burned. |
| 9. If I were you, | i. I would tell the truth. |
| 10. If the price is low, | j. more people will buy it. |
Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành các câu sau
1. If I have enough money next year, ________________________.
2. If I were the President of my country, ____________________.
3. If I don't pass the English exam, ________________________.
4. If I could speak five languages, __________________________.
5. If the weather is nice this weekend, ______________________.
6. I would be very happy if ________________________________.
7. My parents will be proud if ______________________________.
8. If I found a wallet on the street, ________________________.
9. I would travel to Mars if ________________________________.
10. If I didn't have a smartphone, __________________________.
Bài tập 6: Đặt câu hỏi cho các tình huống giả định
0. (You find a lost dog) → What would you do if you found a lost dog?
1. (You see a famous celebrity in a cafe) → __________________________?
2. (You lose your house keys) → __________________________?
3. (You get a promotion at work) → __________________________?
4. (You have one day left to live) → __________________________?
5. (You can be invisible for 24 hours) → __________________________?
6. (Your best friend moves to another country) → __________________________?
7. (You win a free trip to Hawaii) → __________________________?
8. (The internet stops working forever) → __________________________?
9. (You can talk to animals) → __________________________?
10. (You find a bag full of money) → __________________________?
Bài tập 7: Viết lại câu từ thực tế sang câu điều kiện loại 2
1. I am not tall, so I can't reach the top shelf.
2. He doesn't have a map, so he gets lost.
3. She is busy, so she can't go to the cinema.
4. We don't live in the countryside, so we don't have fresh air.
5. I don't know the answer, so I can't help you.
6. The weather is bad, so we can't go sailing.
7. He isn't a good student because he is lazy.
8. I don't have much money, so I don't buy that car.
9. They don't practice enough, so they lose the game.
10. I am tired because I work too much.
Bài tập 8: Chuyển đổi “If… not” sang “Unless”
1. If you don't study, you will fail.
2. If it doesn't rain, we will go out.
3. If she doesn't hurry, she'll miss the train.
4. If you don't have a passport, you can't travel abroad.
5. If he doesn't apologize, I won't forgive him.
6. If we don't save energy, the environment will be destroyed.
7. If you don't wear a coat, you will catch a cold.
8. If they don't invite him, he won't come.
9. If I don't get a raise, I will quit.
10. If she doesn't eat, she will be hungry.
Bài tập 9: Viết lại câu sử dụng “Or/Otherwise” sang “If”
1. Study hard, or you will fail the exam.
2. Hurry up, or you'll be late for the meeting.
3. Put on your coat, otherwise you'll get sick.
4. Be quiet, or the baby will wake up.
5. Save your money, otherwise you won't be able to buy a house.
6. Stop talking, or the teacher will be angry.
7. Practice every day, or you won't improve.
8. Pay the bill now, or they will cut the electricity.
9. Drive carefully, otherwise you will have an accident.
10. Give me back my book, or I will tell the teacher.
Bài tập 10: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong câu
1. If I was you, I would buy that car.
2. If it will rain, we will stay at home.
3. If I would have more time, I would learn English.
4. Unless you don't study, you will fail.
5. If she is richer, she would travel more.
6. If I am a bird, I would fly.
7. What will you do if you won the lottery?
8. If you heat ice, it would melt.
9. I'll call you if I had any news.
10. If he doesn't comes, we will start without him.
Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1
1. is
2. doesn’t hurry
3. invite
4. is / will wear
5. study / will pass
6. will buy / saves
7. doesn’t come
8. find / will call
9. eat / will hurt
10. will scratch / pull
11. rains / will stay
12. needs / will ask
13. don’t clean / will be
14. win / will become
15. have / will watch
Bài tập 2
1. were / would apply
2. had / would drive
3. lived / would speak
4. knew / would call
5. were / would travel
6. didn’t have / would go
7. would you do / saw
8. were / would play
9. weren’t / would join
10. won / would quit
11. ended / would you do
12. were / would travel
13. didn’t smoke / would feel
14. had / would fly
15. studied / would get
Bài tập 3
1. were
2. shines
3. had
4. know
5. were
6. will be
7. would
8. were
9. need
10. had
11. doesn’t meet
12. knew
Bài tập 4
1-b
2-a
3-d
4-c
5-f
6-e
7-g
8-h
9-i
10-j
Bài tập 5
1. I will buy a new laptop.
2. I would improve education.
3. I will study harder.
4. I would travel around the world.
5. we will go camping.
6. I passed the exam.
7. I get good grades.
8. I would take it to the police station.
9. humans could live there.
10. my life would be very inconvenient.
Bài tập 6
1. What would you do if you saw a famous celebrity in a cafe?
2. What would you do if you lost your house keys?
3. What would you do if you got a promotion at work?
4. What would you do if you had one day left to live?
5. What would you do if you could be invisible for 24 hours?
6. What would you do if your best friend moved to another country?
7. What would you do if you won a free trip to Hawaii?
8. What would you do if the internet stopped working forever?
9. What would you do if you could talk to animals?
10. What would you do if you found a bag full of money?
Bài tập 7
1. If I were tall, I could reach the top shelf.
2. If he had a map, he wouldn’t get lost.
3. If she weren’t busy, she could go to the cinema.
4. If we lived in the countryside, we would have fresh air.
5. If I knew the answer, I could help you.
6. If the weather were good, we could go sailing.
7. If he weren’t lazy, he would be a good student.
8. If I had much money, I would buy that car.
9. If they practiced enough, they wouldn’t lose the game.
10. If I didn’t work too much, I wouldn’t be tired.
Bài tập 8
1. Unless you study, you will fail.
2. Unless it rains, we will go out.
3. Unless she hurries, she’ll miss the train.
4. Unless you have a passport, you can’t travel abroad.
5. Unless he apologizes, I won’t forgive him.
6. Unless we save energy, the environment will be destroyed.
7. Unless you wear a coat, you will catch a cold.
8. Unless they invite him, he won’t come.
9. Unless I get a raise, I will quit.
10. Unless she eats, she will be hungry.
Bài tập 9
1. If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
2. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for the meeting.
3. If you don’t put on your coat, you’ll get sick.
4. If you aren’t quiet, the baby will wake up.
5. If you don’t save your money, you won’t be able to buy a house.
6. If you don’t stop talking, the teacher will be angry.
7. If you don’t practice every day, you won’t improve.
8. If you don’t pay the bill now, they will cut the electricity.
9. If you don’t drive carefully, you will have an accident.
10. If you don’t give me back my book, I will tell the teacher.
Bài tập 10
1. were
2. rains
3. had
4. Unless you study
5. were richer
6. were
7. would
8. will melt
9. have
10. come
Nắm vững câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 không chỉ giúp bạn xử lý nhanh các bài tập ngữ pháp mà còn cải thiện rõ rệt kỹ năng viết và nói. Hy vọng bộ tài liệu hơn 100 bài tập thực hành từ IELTS The Tutors đã giúp bạn tự tin hơn khi phân biệt giữa tình huống thực tế và giả định. Nếu vẫn còn băn khoăn với các cấu trúc nâng cao khác, đừng quên theo dõi những bài viết mới trên website để củng cố kiến thức một cách chắc chắn hơn.
